File 4.0 Morphology

Question 1

Affix

Answer 1

In the simplest case, the root is used “as- is” and one or more additional pieces are tacked onto it. An additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.

Question 2

Affixation

Answer 2

Infixes are inserted within the root morpheme. Note that English has no regular infixes.

Question 3

Agglutinating language

Answer 3

The kind of synthesis (putting together) of morphemes we find in Hungarian. The morphemes are joined together rather “loosely”.

Question 4

Allomorph

Answer 4

Forms that differ phonetically, that belong to the same morpheme and have the same meaning. Different phonetic shapes of the same stem.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

Have to do with the sounds in a particular word pair or larger word set, these alterations mark morphological distinctions.

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

They can be associated with more than one meaning.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

Made up of sequences of free morphemes, each word consisting of a single morpheme.

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

Affixes, always have to be attached to the stem of some word in order to be used, because they cannot stand alone.

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

Morphemes, unable to stand alone as words in their own right.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

Closed lexical categories include pronouns, determiners, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

A process that forms new words not by means of affixes but from two or more independent words.

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

And, or, but.

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

Have more concrete meaning than function morphemes.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

Free content morphemes, that is, nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

The process of creating words out of words.

Question 16

form

Answer 16

What a word sounds like when spoken.

Question 17

free morpheme

Answer 17

Simple words that can be used by themselves.

Question 18

function morpheme

Answer 18

Contain primarily grammatically relevant information.

Question 19

function word

Answer 19

Free function morphemes such as preposition, determiners, pronoun, and conjunctions.

Question 20

fusional language

Answer 20

Another subtype of synthetic language, words are formed by adding bound morphemes to stems.

Question 21

hierarchical structure

Answer 21

Schematically represented by a tree diagram that includes the steps involved in the formation of a word.

Question 22

homophony

Answer 22

Affixes that sound alike but have different meanings or functions.

Question 23

incorporation

Answer 23

Sora, a language spoken in India, allows such incorporation of objects, subjects, and instruments, into verbs.

Question 24

infix

Answer 24

Inserted within the root morpheme.

Question 25

inflection

Answer 25

The creation of different grammatical forms of a word.

Question 26

input

Answer 26

The stems with which a given affix may combine.

Question 27

lexical category

Answer 27

Classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them.

Question 28

lexicon

Answer 28

Stock of words can be thought of as a sort of mental dictionary that language users, both speakers and hearers, have internalized as part and parcel of acquiring their particular language.

Question 29

morpheme

Answer 29

The smallest linguistic unit with meaning.

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

The most basic of analysis is a comparison of words based on form, meaning, and lexical category.

Question 31

open lexical category

Answer 31

Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Question 32

output

Answer 32

All of the words that are formed when an afffix attaches to a stem.

Question 33

partial reduplication

Answer 33

Part of forming new words by doubling either an entire free morpheme.

Question 34

polysynthetic language

Answer 34

Making nouns into parts of the verb forms.

Question 35

prefix

Answer 35

Affixes that precede a stem.

Question 36

preposition

Answer 36

(on, of, under, for) Connect a noun to a pronoun.

Question 37

productive

Answer 37

Currently used to make new words.

Question 38

pronoun

Answer 38

Closed lexical categories. (We, she, they)

Question 39

reduplicant

Answer 39

First syllable of the stem.

Question 40

reduplication

Answer 40

A process of forming new words by doubling either an entire free morpheme or part of it.

Question 41

root

Answer 41

Forming one words from a smaller word.

Question 42

simultaneous affix

Answer 42

When affixes appear at the same time as each other.

Question 43

stem

Answer 43

The thing to which affixes attach.

Question 44

suffix

Answer 44

Affixes that follow a stem.

Question 45

suppletion

Answer 45

When a root will have one or more inflicted forms phonetically unrelated to the shape of the root.

Question 46

Determiner

Answer 46

(a, this, your) Closed lexical category.