File 2.0 What is Phonetics?

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

The study of the sounds of speech. The study of the minimal units that make up language.

Question 2

Articulatory Phonetics

Answer 2

The study of the production of speech sounds.

Question 3

Acoustic Phonetics

Answer 3

The study of the transmission and the physical properties of speech and sound.

Question 4

Auditory Phonetics

Answer 4

The study of the perception of speech sounds.

Question 5

Platography

Answer 5

To observe contact between the tongue and roof of the mouth, and instruments to measure airflow and air pressure during speech.

Question 6

Impressionistic Phonetic Transcript

Answer 6

The simplest and most basic method of phonetic analysis.

Question 7

Co-articulation

Answer 7

The influence of one sound on a neighboring sound.

Question 8

Segments

Answer 8

The discrete units of the speech stream and can be further subdivided into the categories of consonants and vowels.

Question 9

Suprasegmentals

Answer 9

Can be said to “ride on top of” segments in that they often apply to entire strings of consonants and vowels- these are properties such as stress, tone, and intonation.

Question 10

Consonants

Answer 10

Are distinguished from vowels in that consonants are produced with a constriction somewhere in the vocal tract that impedes airflow.

Question 11

Vowels

Answer 11

Have at most only a slight narrowing and allow air to flow freely through the oral cavity.

Question 12

Syllable

Answer 12

Unit of speech in which every utterance contains at least one syllable. (May contain only a single sound, monosyllabic. or several such as in sprints.)

Question 13

Monosyllabic

Answer 13

A syllable that contains only a single sound.

Question 14

Onset

Answer 14

Any consonants that occur before the rhyme within the syllable.

Question 15

Rhyme

Answer 15

Consists of the vowel and any consonants that come after it- the segments that match in words that we think as rhyming.

Question 16

Nucleus

Answer 16

The vocalic part of rhyme.

Question 17

Coda

Answer 17

Consists of any final consonants of rhyme.

Question 18

Monophthongs

Answer 18

Simple vowels, composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract.

Question 19

Diphthongs

Answer 19

Complex vowels, composed of a sequence of two different configurations.

Question 20

Running Speech (Continuous Speech)

Answer 20

Speaking in phrases or sentences, with all the words running together.

Question 21

Articulatory Description

Answer 21

Speech sounds like the consonants of English.

Question 22

Articulatory Gesture (Articulation)

Answer 22

The motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract (often, but not always) a muscular part like the tongue or lips with the respect to some other part of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound.

Question 23

Manner of Articulation (PG53)

Answer 23

• Stops
• Fricatives
• Affricates
• Nasals
• Approximants
• Liquids
• Glides

Question 24

Four ways a speaker can change the shape of the vocal tract and thus change vowel quality:

Answer 24

• Raising or lowering the body of the tongue
• Advancing or retracting the body of the tongue
• Rounding or not rounding the lips
• Making these movements with tense or lax gestures

Question 25

Intonation

Answer 25

The pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence.

Question 26

Pitch Accents

Answer 26

Involve a change in fundamental frequency in the middle of an utterance.

Question 27

Phrase Tones

Answer 27

Used to highlight important information in an utterance.

Question 28

Tone

Answer 28

The pitch at which the syllables in a word are pronounced.

Question 29

Stress

Answer 29

Is a property of entire syllables, not segments, though the syllable nucleus, which is usually a vowel, carries most of the information.

Question 30

Periodic Wave

Answer 30

A sound wave which repeats at regular intervals.

Question 31

Spectogram

Answer 31

A common method of visually representing acoustic properties of speech sounds.