File 3.0 Phonology Flashcards
Phonology
The study of how sounds are organized within the language and how they interact with each other.
Phonetic Inventories
The sounds that are produced as part of the language.
Phonotactic Constraints
The restrictions on possible combinations of sounds.
Sound Substitution
Speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language.
Aspiration
Puff of air when pronouncing words such a top and it is transcribed with a scripted [ʰ] ex [tʰap].
Phoneme
A set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound.
Allophone
Each member of a particular phoneme set.
Free Variation
Sounds that are interchangeable and do not make a difference in meaning such as [p] and [p˞].
Phonological Rules
A rule of grammar expresses a pattern in a language.
Underlying Form
The mapping between the phonemic form.
Sibilant
Segments that have a high-pitched, hissing sound quality.
Assimilation
Rules of assimilation cause a sound (or gesture) to become more like a neighboring sound (or gesture) with respect to some phonetic property.
Nasal Place Assimilation
An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant.
Vowel Harmony
A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.
Dissimilation
Cause two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar with respect to some property, by means of a change in one or both sounds.
Manner Dissimilation
A stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop.
Insertion
Cause a segment not present at the phonetic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.
Voiceless Stop Insertion
Between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative, a voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted.
Deletion
Rules eliminate a sound that was present at the phonetic level. Such rules apply more frequently to unstressed syllables and in casual speech.
Metathesis
Change the order of sounds in many instances sounds metathesize in order to make words easier to pronounce.
CV Metathesis
When three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonant trades places with the preceding vowel.
Strengthening
(Also called fortition) makes sounds stronger.
Aspiration
Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.
Weakening
Rules of weakening (also called lenition) cause sounds to become weaker.
