File 3.0 Phonology

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of how sounds are organized within the language and how they interact with each other.

Question 2

Phonetic Inventories

Answer 2

The sounds that are produced as part of the language.

Question 3

Phonotactic Constraints

Answer 3

The restrictions on possible combinations of sounds.

Question 4

Sound Substitution

Answer 4

Speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language.

Question 5

Aspiration

Answer 5

Puff of air when pronouncing words such a top and it is transcribed with a scripted [ʰ] ex [tʰap].

Question 6

Phoneme

Answer 6

A set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound.

Question 7

Allophone

Answer 7

Each member of a particular phoneme set.

Question 8

Free Variation

Answer 8

Sounds that are interchangeable and do not make a difference in meaning such as [p] and [p˞].

Question 9

Phonological Rules

Answer 9

A rule of grammar expresses a pattern in a language.

Question 10

Underlying Form

Answer 10

The mapping between the phonemic form.

Question 11

Sibilant

Answer 11

Segments that have a high-pitched, hissing sound quality.

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

Rules of assimilation cause a sound (or gesture) to become more like a neighboring sound (or gesture) with respect to some phonetic property.

Question 13

Nasal Place Assimilation

Answer 13

An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant.

Question 14

Vowel Harmony

Answer 14

A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.

Question 15

Dissimilation

Answer 15

Cause two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar with respect to some property, by means of a change in one or both sounds.

Question 16

Manner Dissimilation

Answer 16

A stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop.

Question 17

Insertion

Answer 17

Cause a segment not present at the phonetic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.

Question 18

Voiceless Stop Insertion

Answer 18

Between a nasal consonant and a voiceless fricative, a voiceless stop with the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted.

Question 19

Deletion

Answer 19

Rules eliminate a sound that was present at the phonetic level. Such rules apply more frequently to unstressed syllables and in casual speech.

Question 20

Metathesis

Answer 20

Change the order of sounds in many instances sounds metathesize in order to make words easier to pronounce.

Question 21

CV Metathesis

Answer 21

When three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonant trades places with the preceding vowel.

Question 22

Strengthening

Answer 22

(Also called fortition) makes sounds stronger.

Question 23

Aspiration

Answer 23

Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.

Question 24

Weakening

Answer 24

Rules of weakening (also called lenition) cause sounds to become weaker.

Question 25

Flapping

Answer 25

An alveolar (oral) stop is realized as [ɾ] when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.