Filarial Worms Flashcards
Secretory cells of C. philippinensis
Stichocyte
Esophageal structure of C. philippinensis
Stichosome
C. philippinensis
Adult male
Chitinized spicule protected by unspined sheath, caudal alae
C. philippinensis
Adult typical female
Oviparous
Uterus with 8-10 eggs arranged in a single row
C. philippinensis
Adult atypical female
Oviviparous
Uterus with 40-45 eggs arranged in 2-3 rows
C. philippinensis
MOT
Ingestion of infected fish
Autoinfection
C. philippinensis
Typical egg
Segmented with thick striated shell and flattened bipolar plugs
Peanut / guitar shaped
C. philippinensis
Atypical egg
Multisegmented or embryonated with thin shell and NO polo plugs
C. philippinensis
Pathology
MYSTERY DISEASE
Borborygmus (gurgling sound of stomach)
Malabsorption syndrome of fats and sugars
Diarrhea: protein loss, electrolyte loss, dehydration, weight loss
High IgE level
C. philippinensis
IS
Larva
C. philippinensis
IH
“Ipon” (Sicyopterus sp.)
“Bagsang” (Ambassis miops)
“Birut” (Eliotris melanosoma)
“Buctu” (Chonoporus melanocephalus)
C. philippinensis
Habitat
Small intestine
C. philippinensis
Morphology
Threadlike worm
Relative of trichuris
C. philippinensis
Lab diagnosis
- Stool exam- eggs or larva
a. DFS
b. AECT, FECT, MIFCT - Dupdenal aspiration
C. philippinensis
Treatment
ALBENDAZOLE
Mebendazole
Electrolyte replacement
High protein test
Filarial worm
FH
Man
Filarial worm
DS
Microfilaria
Filarial worm
IS
Filiform larva (L3) / Filariform larva
Filarial worm
MOT
Arthropod-borne
Bite of an infected vector
Filarial worm
Morphology
Threadlike worms
Filarial worm
Adult male
Two spicules
Filarial worm
Adult female
Viviparous
Narrow tail end and pointed
Filarial worm
Pathology 1
LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
(Caused mainly by adult worms)
Elephantiasis
Filarial worm
Pathology 2
MEYERS-KOUWENAAR’S SYNDROME
Lymphadenopathy + hypereosinophilia
Filarial worm
Pathology 3
WEINGARTEN’S SYNDROME
Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia resembling bronchial asthma
Filarial worm
Pathology 4
EXPATRIATE SYNDROME
Immunologic hypersensitivity to mature worms
Filarial worm
Lab dignosis
- BLOOD SMEAR (wet or thick)
- MEMBRANE FILTRATION TECHNIQUE
- heparinized blood
- nucleopore filter (5 um) in a Swinney adapter - KNOTT’S CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE
- 1 mL blood + 10 mL 2% formalin (lyses RBCS)
Filarial worm
Lab Diagnosis
Miscellaneous
Immunochromatography
Antigen detection for circulating filarial antigen (CFA)
PCR
Ultrasonography
Filarial worm
Treatment
Diethyl Carbamazine (DEC)
Ivermectin (Stromeclol)
Albendazole
Wuchereria bancrofti
Common name
Bancroft’s filarial worm
Wuchereria bancrofti
Vector
Anopheles minimus flavirostris
Aedes poecilus
Culex quiquefasciatus
Wuchereria bancrofti
Habitat
Lower lymph gland
Wuchereria bancrofti
Periodicity
Nocturnal
10pm-2pm (peak time)
8pm-4am
Wuchereria bancrofti
Sheated Microfilaria
Cephalic space : breadth ratio
1:1
Wuchereria bancrofti
Sheated Microfilaria
Sheath affinity to giemsa
Unstained
Wuchereria bancrofti
Sheated Microfilaria
Body nuclei
Discrete and separate
Wuchereria bancrofti
Sheated Microfilaria
Nucleus on tail end
None
Wuchereria bancrofti
Sheated Microfilaria
Appearance in blood film
Graceful / smooth curve
Brugia malayi
Common name
Malayan filarial worm
Brugia malayi
Vector
Mansonia bonnae
Mansonia uniformis
Brugia malayi
Habitat
Upper lymph gland
Brugia malayi
Periodicity
Nocturnal
Subperiodic
Brugia malayi
Sheathed microfilaria
Cephalic space : breadth ratio
2:1
Brugia malayi
Sheathed microfilaria
Sheath affinity to giemsa
Pink
Brugia malayi
Sheathed microfilaria
Body nuclei
Big and overlapping /
Confluent
Brugia malayi
Sheathed microfilaria
Nucleus on tail end
Two
Brugia malayi
Sheathed microfilaria
Appearance in blood film
Kinky and angular curve
Capillaria philippinensis
common name
Pudoc worm