Ch4: Flagellates. Flashcards
- Flagellates reside where?
Small intestine, cecum,
Colon, and duodenum.
- Phylum, subphylum, and class of Flagellates?
P: Sarcomastigophora,
S: Mastigophora,
C: Zoomastigophora.
- Define flagella.
Whiplike structures for motility.
- Define undulating membrane.
Finlike structure connected to the outer edge of some flagellates.
- Define axostyle.
Rodlike structure for support.
- Examples of intestinal flagellates?
Giardia intestinalis, Chilomastix mesnili, Dientamoeba fragilis, Trichomonas hominis, Enteromonas hominis, Retortamonas intestinalis.
- Examples of extraintestinal flagellates?
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis.
- Other names of Giardia intestinalis?
Cercomonas intestinalis,
Giardia lamblia,
Giardia duodenale.
- Discovery of G. intestinalis?
Dr. F. Lambl (French, 1859),
Dr. Giard (Czechoslovakian),
Stiles (1915).
- Formal names are reviewed by?
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
- Define axoneme.
The interior portions of the flagella;
Make up the axostyle.
- Define median bodies.
“Parabasal bodies”;
Slightly curved rodlike structures, which sit on the axonemes posterior to the nuclei;
associated with energy, metabolism, or support.
- Define sucking discs.
Covering 50-75% of ventral surface, it serves as the nourishment point of entry by attaching to the intestinal villi.
- Newest form of identifying Giardia? (And D. fragilis)
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR).
-molecular method that is sensitive enough for environment monitoring.
- Giardia trophozoites may infect what organs?
Duodenum, common bile duct, gallbladder.
- Animal reservoir hosts of Giardia?
Beavers, muskrats, water voles;
Domestic sheep, cattle, dogs.
- Disease caused by Giardia lamblia?
Giardiasis or Traveler’s diarrhea.
- Some typical symptoms of giardiasis?
Diarrhea, steatorrhea,
flatulence, abdominal cramping.
- Patients with what diseases are susceptible to reoccuring gardiasis?
Intestinal diverticuli and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency.
- What diseases predisposes gardiasis?
Hypogammaglobulinemia and achlorhydria.
- Medications for giardiasis?
Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Tinidazole (Tindamax),
Nitazoxanide (Alinia).
- G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis are both known to be?
Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses.
- Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses?
G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
- Motility of G. intestinalis?
Falling leaf.
4 pairs of flagella.
- Motility of Chilomastix mesnili?
Stiff, rotary in directional pattern;
4 flagella.
- D. fragilis resides where?
Mucosal crypts of the large intestine.
- Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis?
Progressive;
Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.
- Dientamoeba fragilis is transmitted via?
The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides.
- Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis infections?
Iodoquinol, tetracycline,
Paromomycin (Humatin).
- What is Hakansson phenomenon?
When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.
- When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.
Hakansson phenomenon.
- Transmission of T. hominis?
Ingesting of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.
- Motility of Trichomonas hominis?
Nervous, jerky;
3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.
- Falling leaf.
4 pairs of flagella.
Motility of Giardia lamblia.
- Stiff, rotary in directional pattern;
4 flagella.
Motility of Chilomastix mesnili.
- Progressive;
Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.
Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis.
- Nervous, jerky
3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.
Motility of Trichomonas hominis.
- Motility of Enteromonas hominis?
Jerky;
3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum;
small tail.
- Jerky;
3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum;
small tail.
Motility of Enteromonas hominis.
- Simple flagellate?
Enteromonas hominis.
40 Motility of Retortamonas intestinalis?
Jerky;
2 anterior flagella.
- Flagellates with cytosomes?
Chilomastix mesnili,
Trichomonas hominis (conical),
Retortamonas intestinalis,
Trichomonas tenax.
42 Flagellates with axostyle?
Giardia lamblia,
Trichomonas hominis,
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis (granulated).
- Flagellates with undulating membrane and costa?
Trichomonas hominis (full body), Trichomonas tenax (2/3), Trichomonas vaginalis (1/2)
- Motility of Trichomonas tenax?
5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).
- Flagellates with cysts?
Giardia lamblia,
Chilomastix mesnili,
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis.
- Flagellates without cysts?
Dientamoeba fragilis,
Trichomonas hominis,
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis.
- Specimen of choice for Trichomonas tenax?
Mouth scrapings:
tonsillar crypts and pyorrheal pockets;
tartar between the teeth and gingival margin of the gums.
- Trichomonas tenax may also invade what organ?
the repiratory tract in patients with underlying thoracic or lung abscesses of pleural exudates.
- 5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).
Motility of Trichomonas tenax.
- Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis?
Rapid jerky;
4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)
- Rapid jerky;
4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)
Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis.
- Specimens for Trichomonas vaginalis?
spun urine, prostatic secretions,
vaginal and urethral discharges.
- Method in examining T. vaginalis?
Saline wet preparations.
- Method in examining Chilomastix mesnili?
Iodine wet preparations.
- Method in examining Dientamoeba fragilis?
Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.
- Saline wet preparations.
MIE T. vaginalis.
- Iodine wet preps.
MIE C. mesnili.
- Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.
MIE D. fragilis.
- T. vaginalis has been recovered from infants suffering from?
respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.
- Treatment for T. vaginalis infections?
Metronidazole (Flagyl).
- Transmismitted via The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides?
Dientamoeba fragilis.
63 Iodoquinol, tetracycline,
Paromomycin (Humatin).
Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis.
- Transmitted via ingestion of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.
Trichomonas hominis.
- Mucosal crypts of large intestine?
D. fragilis resides where?
