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Parasitology > Ch4: Flagellates. > Flashcards

Ch4: Flagellates. Flashcards

0
Q
  1. Flagellates reside where?
A

Small intestine, cecum,

Colon, and duodenum.

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1
Q
  1. Phylum, subphylum, and class of Flagellates?
A

P: Sarcomastigophora,
S: Mastigophora,
C: Zoomastigophora.

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2
Q
  1. Define flagella.
A

Whiplike structures for motility.

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3
Q
  1. Define undulating membrane.
A

Finlike structure connected to the outer edge of some flagellates.

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4
Q
  1. Define axostyle.
A

Rodlike structure for support.

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5
Q
  1. Examples of intestinal flagellates?
A 
Giardia intestinalis,
Chilomastix mesnili,
Dientamoeba fragilis,
Trichomonas hominis,
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis.
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6
Q
  1. Examples of extraintestinal flagellates?
A

Trichomonas tenax,

Trichomonas vaginalis.

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7
Q
  1. Other names of Giardia intestinalis?
A

Cercomonas intestinalis,
Giardia lamblia,
Giardia duodenale.

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8
Q
  1. Discovery of G. intestinalis?
A

Dr. F. Lambl (French, 1859),
Dr. Giard (Czechoslovakian),
Stiles (1915).

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9
Q
  1. Formal names are reviewed by?
A

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.

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10
Q
  1. Define axoneme.
A

The interior portions of the flagella;

Make up the axostyle.

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11
Q
  1. Define median bodies.
A

“Parabasal bodies”;
Slightly curved rodlike structures, which sit on the axonemes posterior to the nuclei;
associated with energy, metabolism, or support.

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12
Q
  1. Define sucking discs.
A

Covering 50-75% of ventral surface, it serves as the nourishment point of entry by attaching to the intestinal villi.

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13
Q
  1. Newest form of identifying Giardia? (And D. fragilis)
A

Real-time polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR).
-molecular method that is sensitive enough for environment monitoring.

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14
Q
  1. Giardia trophozoites may infect what organs?
A

Duodenum, common bile duct, gallbladder.

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15
Q
  1. Animal reservoir hosts of Giardia?
A

Beavers, muskrats, water voles;

Domestic sheep, cattle, dogs.

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16
Q
  1. Disease caused by Giardia lamblia?
A

Giardiasis or Traveler’s diarrhea.

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17
Q
  1. Some typical symptoms of giardiasis?
A

Diarrhea, steatorrhea,

flatulence, abdominal cramping.

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19
Q
  1. Patients with what diseases are susceptible to reoccuring gardiasis?
A 
Intestinal diverticuli and
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency.
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20
Q
  1. What diseases predisposes gardiasis?
A

Hypogammaglobulinemia and achlorhydria.

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21
Q
  1. Medications for giardiasis?
A

Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Tinidazole (Tindamax),
Nitazoxanide (Alinia).

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22
Q
  1. G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis are both known to be?
A

Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses.

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23
Q
  1. Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses?
A

G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

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24
Q
  1. Motility of G. intestinalis?
A

Falling leaf.

4 pairs of flagella.

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25
Q
  1. Motility of Chilomastix mesnili?
A

Stiff, rotary in directional pattern;

4 flagella.

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25
Q
  1. D. fragilis resides where?
A

Mucosal crypts of the large intestine.

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26
Q
  1. Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis?
A

Progressive;

Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.

27
Q
  1. Dientamoeba fragilis is transmitted via?
A

The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides.

28
Q
  1. Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis infections?
A

Iodoquinol, tetracycline,

Paromomycin (Humatin).

29
Q
  1. What is Hakansson phenomenon?
A

When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.

30
Q
  1. When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.
A

Hakansson phenomenon.

32
Q
  1. Transmission of T. hominis?
A

Ingesting of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.

33
Q
  1. Motility of Trichomonas hominis?
A

Nervous, jerky;

3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.

34
Q
  1. Falling leaf.

4 pairs of flagella.

A

Motility of Giardia lamblia.

35
Q
  1. Stiff, rotary in directional pattern;

4 flagella.

A

Motility of Chilomastix mesnili.

36
Q
  1. Progressive;

Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.

A

Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis.

37
Q
  1. Nervous, jerky

3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.

A

Motility of Trichomonas hominis.

38
Q
  1. Motility of Enteromonas hominis?
A

Jerky;
3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum;
small tail.

39
Q
  1. Jerky;
    3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum;
    small tail.
A

Motility of Enteromonas hominis.

40
Q
  1. Simple flagellate?
A

Enteromonas hominis.

41
Q

40 Motility of Retortamonas intestinalis?

A

Jerky;

2 anterior flagella.

42
Q
  1. Flagellates with cytosomes?
A

Chilomastix mesnili,
Trichomonas hominis (conical),
Retortamonas intestinalis,
Trichomonas tenax.

43
Q

42 Flagellates with axostyle?

A

Giardia lamblia,
Trichomonas hominis,
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis (granulated).

44
Q
  1. Flagellates with undulating membrane and costa?
A 
Trichomonas hominis (full body),
Trichomonas tenax (2/3),
Trichomonas vaginalis (1/2)
45
Q
  1. Motility of Trichomonas tenax?
A

5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).

46
Q
  1. Flagellates with cysts?
A

Giardia lamblia,
Chilomastix mesnili,
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis.

47
Q
  1. Flagellates without cysts?
A

Dientamoeba fragilis,
Trichomonas hominis,
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis.

48
Q
  1. Specimen of choice for Trichomonas tenax?
A

Mouth scrapings:
tonsillar crypts and pyorrheal pockets;
tartar between the teeth and gingival margin of the gums.

49
Q
  1. Trichomonas tenax may also invade what organ?
A

the repiratory tract in patients with underlying thoracic or lung abscesses of pleural exudates.

50
Q
  1. 5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).
A

Motility of Trichomonas tenax.

51
Q
  1. Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis?
A

Rapid jerky;

4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)

52
Q
  1. Rapid jerky;

4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)

A

Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis.

53
Q
  1. Specimens for Trichomonas vaginalis?
A

spun urine, prostatic secretions,

vaginal and urethral discharges.

54
Q
  1. Method in examining T. vaginalis?
A

Saline wet preparations.

55
Q
  1. Method in examining Chilomastix mesnili?
A

Iodine wet preparations.

56
Q
  1. Method in examining Dientamoeba fragilis?
A

Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.

57
Q
  1. Saline wet preparations.
A

MIE T. vaginalis.

58
Q
  1. Iodine wet preps.
A

MIE C. mesnili.

59
Q
  1. Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.
A

MIE D. fragilis.

60
Q
  1. T. vaginalis has been recovered from infants suffering from?
A

respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.

61
Q
  1. Treatment for T. vaginalis infections?
A

Metronidazole (Flagyl).

62
Q
  1. Transmismitted via The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides?
A

Dientamoeba fragilis.

63
Q

63 Iodoquinol, tetracycline,

Paromomycin (Humatin).

A

Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis.

64
Q
  1. Transmitted via ingestion of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.
A

Trichomonas hominis.

65
Q
  1. Mucosal crypts of large intestine?
A

D. fragilis resides where?

Parasitology (8 decks)

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