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B1 > Fighting Diseases > Flashcards

Fighting Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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2
Q

What are the three main types of pathogen?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Virus
  • Fungi
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3
Q

What are bacteria?

A
  • Very small living cells which can reproduce rapidly inside your body
  • They damage cells and produce toxins which makes you feel ill
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4
Q

What are viruses?

A
  • They are not cells, they’re much smaller
  • They replicate themselves by invading your cells and using cells machinery to replicate themselves, the cell will burst and release new viruses
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5
Q

What three things make up the defence system?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Mucus in respiratory tractor
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6
Q

What does the defence system do?

A

-They stop a lot of bad microorganisms entering the body

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7
Q

How does the body stop microorganisms entering the body through cuts?

A

-Small fragments of cells called platelets, help blood clot quickly

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8
Q

What happens if a microorganism enters the body?

A

-Immune system will act

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9
Q

How do white blood cells fight disease?

A
  1. White blood cells engulf and digest foreign antigens
  2. When white blood cells comes across foreign antigen they will start to produce antibodies, they rapidly produce and are carried around the body to kill any virus or bacteria, if the person is infected with the same pathogen, white blood cells will produce antibodies
  3. White blood cells will produce antitoxins to prevent toxins being produced by invading bacteria
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10
Q

What are vaccinations?

A

-A small amount of dead or inactive pathogen

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11
Q

How do vaccinations work?

A
  1. Inactive pathogen is injected
  2. These carry antigens which tge white blood cells detect and begin to create antibodies
  3. Antibodies cause pathogen to clump together and the phagocyte engulf and digest it
  4. If pathogen enters body again, memory cells will produce antibodies
  5. Most white blood cells die but a few that stay in the blood at called B memory cells
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12
Q

What are the advantages of vaccinations?

A
  • Help to control infectious diseases

- Big outbreaks of disease can be prevented

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of vaccinations?

A
  • Don’t always work

- People may have bad reaction to them

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14
Q

What are painkillers?

A

-Drugs that relieve pain and they don’t get rid of a cold they just reduce the symptoms

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15
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

Kill bacteria causing the problem without killing any of your body cells

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16
Q

Why don’t antibiotics destroy viruses?

A

Viruses are inside a cell and antibiotics cannot get inside a cell so they only cure bacteria

17
Q

Name a bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics?

A

MRSA

18
Q

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

A

Bacteria can mutate and become resistant to antibiotics, the bacteria will survive and reproduce

19
Q

What do antiviral treat?

A

Viruses

20
Q

What is the aseptic technique?

A

Growing microbes without contamination

21
Q

What do microbes need?

A
  • Moisture
  • Warmth
  • Food
  • Oxygen
22
Q

How do you grow microbes using the aseptic technique?

A
  1. Hot agar jelly is poured into a petri dish
  2. When jelly is cooled, inoculating loops are sterilised and transfer microorganisms to the petri dish
  3. Microorganisms multiply
  4. Paper discs with different types of antibiotics are placed on the jelly
  5. The lid is the put on and taped to stop any microorganisms from the air going into it
23
Q

What temperature are microbes grown in school?

A

25 degrees celsius because harmful pathogens won’t grow at this temperature

24
Q

What temperature are microbes grown in industrial conditions?

A

Much higher than at school because they grow a lot faster

25
Q

What did Semmelweis discover?

A

He believed that the doctors were spreading diseases from the dead bodies to the maternity ward, so he inevented the ‘washing your hands rule’

26
Q

Why did no one believe Semmelweis?

A

He couldn’t prove his theory and why it worked

B1 (15 decks)

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