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AH Biology > Field Techniques for Biologists > Flashcards

Field Techniques for Biologists Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

document that

  • identifies the potential hazards
  • assesses the likelihood of them happening
  • clearly describes the steps that can be taken to minimize their occurrence
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2
Q

What are two extra risks of fieldwork compared with lab-work?

A

terrain
weather
unpredictability, lack of control

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3
Q

What are the four hazards involved in field work?

A

<em>T</em>errain
<em>W</em>eather Conditions
<em>I</em>solation
<em>T</em>ides

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4
Q

What can you do to prepare for

  • terrains
  • tides
A
  • appropriate footwear

- consult tide tables

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5
Q

how should sampling be carried out

A

manner that minimizes impact on wild species and habitats

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6
Q

What are the three main sampling techniques

A

Transect Surveys
Point count
Remote detection

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7
Q

Describe a transect study

A
  • A transect is a line along which different samples can be taken
  • set up in an area where abiotic factors are changing
  • plant abundance/abundance of sessile organisms are sampled
  • can use quadrats or meters
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8
Q

What is a point count? Give an example of a species that is sampled using a point count

A
  • sampling technique where counting all the species seen/heard in a given area over a set period of time
  • stationary point
  • comparisons can be made throughout the year
    Example - birds
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9
Q

Give a sampling technique that can be used for elusive species

A

remote detection

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10
Q

Give examples of remote detection

A

Scat sampling

Camera traps

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11
Q

What are the three types of sampling techniques?

A

Random
Stratified
Systematic

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12
Q

Describe random sampling

A

Individuals selected from the larger populations must be chosen completely at chance

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13
Q

What is this an example of?

10 people from each year were chosen to complete a health test

A

Stratified

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14
Q

What type of sampling are transect surveys?

A

Systematic

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15
Q

How can a species be identified?

A

Classification guides
Biological Keys
Lab Analysis of DNA

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16
Q

What is a benefit of being familiar with taxonomic groupings?

A

Allows predictions to be made about the biology of an unknown or lesser-known organism

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17
Q

What is a model organism?

A

Model organisms are organisms that scientists already know a lot about and have been studying for many years

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18
Q

Give examples of model organisms

A

E. coli, Drosophila, Yeast and Mice

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19
Q

Give a benefit of model organisms

A

Help biologists understand many processes that happen in organisms that are harder to study
Let scientists make predictions about more complex organisms

20
Q

Give a benefit to humans of model organisms

A

Knowledge of pathway in one organism can provide insight into same pathway in humans

21
Q

What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

A

convergent - organisms who are not closely related, same pressures, develop similar phenotypes
divergent - closely related species with different selection pressures, develop opposite phenotypes

22
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Archae
Bacteria
Eukaryota

23
Q

What are the five plant kingdom divisions?

A 
Mosses
Liverworts
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
24
Q

What are the main characteristics of a fern?

A

flowerless plants
reproduce using spores
have a vascular system

25
Q

what type of plant is this describing:

flowerless plant, without seeds or vascular system

A

mosses

26
Q

Describe a liverwort

A

flowerless plant, produce spores, overlapping leaves

27
Q

what type of plant is this describing:

flowerless plant that produces seeds for reproduction and have a vascular system

A

Gymnosperms

28
Q

describe an angiosperm

A

flowering plant

29
Q

what are the five animal kingdom divisions

A 
chordata
arthropoda
nematoda
platyhelminthes
mollusca
30
Q

what animal kingdom division are we

A

chordata

sea squirts and verebrates

31
Q

what animal kingdom are round worms in

A

nematoda

32
Q

describe platyhelminthes

A

flat worms, many parasitic, show bilateral symmetry and internal organs

33
Q

what animal kingdom is this describing: greatly varied, characterized by the presence of a shell

A

mollusca

34
Q

describe arthropoda

A

joint legged invertebrates, segmented body and paired appendages
example : spidee

35
Q

what about a indicator species can give information on the quality of the environment

A

presence
absence
abundance

36
Q

what can biodiversity of lichen species in an area indicate

A

the levels of sulphur dioxide in the air

37
Q

What is the mark and recapture equation

A

n = mc/r
n - estimate of total population
m - number captured and released in first sample
c - number captured in second sample
r - number of marked recaptured in second sample

38
Q

what can marking techniques not do

A

make the animal more conspicuous

39
Q

what are the assumptions made when doing a mark and recapture

A
  • all individuals have an equal chance of capture
  • no immigration or emigration during study
  • no birth or death during sample time
  • sampling methods are the same each time
40
Q

what are some methods of marking

A 
banding
tagging
surgical implantation
painting
hairclipping
41
Q

what is ethology

A

the study of animal behaviour

42
Q

what is an ethogram

A

the recording of all observed behaviours shown by a species over a particular period of time

43
Q

what is the application of human qualities to animal behaviours

A

anthropomorphism

44
Q

what are the measurements made in time budgets

A

latency - time taken to respond to a stimulus
frequency
duration

45
Q

what can be constructed with latency, frequency and duration data

A

a time budget

AH Biology (17 decks)

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