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Jeopardy 2016 Garza > Fiber Optics 16 > Flashcards

Fiber Optics 16 Flashcards

1
Q

A method used to lock and mark one end of a line in order to allow someone to safely work on the other end.

A

Lockout tag-out

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2
Q

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive card

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3
Q

Allows only a single mode of light to propagate through the fiber core. This is the most common type of fiber used in telecommunications.

A

single-mode fiber

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4
Q

Allows many modes of light to propagate through the core. This type of fiber has a larger core and is used only for short distance data links. The bandwidth is limited due to light dispersion.

A

multi-mode fiber

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5
Q

The center of the fiber that carries the transmitted light.

A

core

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6
Q

The glass material surrounding the fiber core. This glass has a lower refractive index and reflects the light back into the core, thus maintaining the light level over a long distance.

A

cladding

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7
Q

The acrylic or plastic material applied over the optical fiber core and cladding. This material protects the glass and adds to its strength.

A

coating

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8
Q

The ratio of the velocity of light of two mediums of optical glass.

A

refractive index

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9
Q

A photo diode used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source.

A

pin diode

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10
Q

The difference between transmitted and received power resulting from the loss through equipment, lines, or other transmission devices; usually expressed in decibels.

A

attenuation

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11
Q

EDFA

A

erbium-doped fiber amplifier

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12
Q

YEDFA

A

Ytterbium Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

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13
Q

Fiber Loss at 1310nm

A

.35 dB/km

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14
Q

Fiber Loss at 1550nm

A

.25 dB/km

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15
Q

How many feet in a Kilometer

A

3,280 ft

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16
Q

Sum of all the losses associated with a fiber link between the optical fiber transmitter and the optical fiber receiver.

A

loss budget

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17
Q

Fusion Splice loss (typical)

A

0.1 dB

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18
Q

Mechanical Splice loss (typical)

A

0.25 dB

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19
Q

Connector Loss

A

0.5 dB average

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20
Q

Convert mW to dBm

A

dBm = 10log(mW)

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21
Q

Convert dBm to mW

A

mW = 10(dB/10)

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22
Q

A jumper cable for optical connections.

A

pigtail

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23
Q

A board for making optical connections consisting of sleeves used to line up two connectors.

A

patch panel

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24
Q

Fibers are contained in a plastic tube much larger than the optical fibers. The fibers can move freely within the

A

loose tube

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25
Q

Color-coded tubes that house and protect the optical fibers within a fiber optic cable.

A

buffer tube

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26
Q

consists of larger buffer tubes with the fibers inside, surrounded by fiberglass water block tape, armor, two steel strength members, and a jacket.

A

Unitube

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27
Q

fibers that are arranged side by side

A

Ribbon

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28
Q

the process by which two pieces of glass are physically melted together

A

Fusion splicing

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29
Q

inserting two pieces of glass into a plastic locking sleeve, carefully aligning the fibers, and locking the pieces of fiber together

A

Mechanical splicing

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30
Q

Clean all gel from the buffer tubes and individual fibers with

A

isopropyl alcohol that is at least 90% pure.

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31
Q

how far back should you strip the fiber

A

1-1/2 to 2 inches

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32
Q

two ways how splice machine lines up the fiber ends in order to get the best possible splice

A

Local Injection and Detection (LID), and Profile Alignment(with computer)

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33
Q

A device used to wrap and store excess fiber optic cable in an aerial location.

A

snowshoe

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34
Q

Comcast currently allows for____of loss through a fusion splice

A

.05 dB

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35
Q

OTDR

A

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

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36
Q

Fiber connector used like a snap connector, but a twist lock feature much like a BNC RF connector.

A

ferruled connector

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37
Q

A rectangular plastic form used to connect optical fiber to optical devices.

A

snap connector

38
Q

Fiber connector that uses an 8 to 12 degree angled cut end.

A

APC (Angle Polish Connector)

39
Q

A special optical fiber connector used in gigabit Ethernet devices.

A

LCSC

40
Q

LASER acronym

A

Light Amplification Stimulated by Emission of Radiation

41
Q

An electronic or optical process that combines several individual signals or wavelengths into a single carrier or path.

A

multiplexing

42
Q

Enables different wavelengths to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

wavelength division multiplexing

43
Q

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a center wavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

DWDM (dense wave division multiplexing

44
Q

A connection point in a cable system where a fiber enters a neighborhood and the optical signal is converted to an electrical signal

A

node

45
Q

Used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source.

A

photodiode

46
Q

Optical fiber with erbium, a rare earth material, added to the glass during the manufacturing process, to give the fiber useful properties when properly lased

A

doping

47
Q

Used to amplify light (1550 nm). It does so by utilizing an Erbium (rare earth metal) doped fiber and a pump laser. This enables the light to travel greater distances.

A

EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier)

48
Q

provides an even greater gain in light than an EDFA Optical Amplifier.

A

YEDFA (ytterbium erbium-doped fiber amplifier)

49
Q

Central data point communicating with endpoints of a network. All data communications must flow through the central point.

A

STAR

50
Q

A network of devices connected together in a circular communication link.

A

ring

51
Q

Generated during the node certification showing the fiber performance when first activated. It is a document used to compare old test results to new test results.

A

node birth certificate

52
Q

The distance that cannot be seen by the OTDR because it too close to the OTDR source.

A

dead zone

53
Q

Extra fiber connected to the OTDR (approximately 500 to 1,000 meters) to make up for the dead zone

A

launch cable

54
Q

Device used to test the optical power. It converts the amount of light present to a dBm level.

A

optical power meter

55
Q

Fiber optic measurement based on the equivalent heating power of the light. It is measured in dBm.

A

optical power

56
Q

Silicon photodiodes are sensitive to light in the range of

A

400 to 1000 nm.

57
Q

Most fiber optic power meters are available with a choice of three detectors

A

Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge) ,Indium-Gallium-Arsenide (InGaAs).

58
Q

A cabinet or rack that houses the splices of the outside plant fiber to the inside headend, node, or OTN fiber.

A

splice panel

59
Q

(OCEF)

A

Optical Cable Entry Facility

60
Q

Visible light is generated at the following wavelengths:

A

Between 390 nm and 780 nm

61
Q

The longer the wavelength,

A

the lower the frequency

62
Q

Using the sandpaper supplied with the enclosure rough up the jacket approximately

A

six to eight inches from its end.

63
Q

The outside of the case will be grounded to the strand using a clamp and number

A

6 copper ground wire

64
Q

jumpers available to make a patch between two ends of a cut cable

A

Restoration Jumpers

65
Q

Once the fault has been located the ends of the fiber optic cable must be prepared for splicing. It is usually a good idea to remove

A

approximately 20 feet from each end to avoid using fiber that has been suffered stress damages

66
Q

The bulk of the time repairing a damaged fiber optic cable is spent

A

in the preparation.

67
Q

In a fiber, light is scattered in all directions, including back toward the source. This is known as

A

backscattered light

68
Q

The OTDR uses_____to make its measurements.

A

backscattered light

69
Q

The launch cable is connected between the OTDR and the fiber plant to be tested should be long, at least

A

500 to 1000 meters

70
Q

Colors of fibers

A

Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Slate, White, Red, Black, Yellow, Violet, Rose, Aqua

71
Q

in DWDM, colors are how far apart

A

The wavelengths are 0.8 nm apart

72
Q

Naturally occuring electrical noise

A

Dark Current

73
Q

Primary cause of light loss in fiber

A

Scattering

74
Q

Small bumps in the core to cladding interface

A

MicroBends

75
Q

Blurring or spread of light over a distance

A

Chromatic Dispersion

76
Q

Used in mechanical splices for better connection

A

Index matching Gel

77
Q

What kind of splicing is acceptable in manholes

A

Mechanical only due to flammable gasses

78
Q

one fiber axis does not coincide with the other during splicing

A

Lateral Displacement

79
Q

what guideline is used for Optical Fiber Cable Color Coding

A

TIA-598

80
Q

Confinement of light into the core of a fiber by the reflection off the core-cladding boundry

A

Total internal Reflection

81
Q

the ratio of the velocity of light of two mediums of optical glass

A

Refractive Index

82
Q

measure of the speed of light in a material

A

Index of Refraction

83
Q

Nyquists Rule

A

States that in order to obtain an accurate recreation of a signal, it must be sampled at a rate of at least twice the highest frequency.

84
Q

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light.

A

Cosmic Rays

85
Q

Fiber coating material

A

acrylic

86
Q

FOUR WAY OPTICAL SPLITTER at 25/25/25/25 split has how much loss

A

6.8db

87
Q

Three way optical splitter at 33/33/33 split has how much loss

A

5.6db

88
Q

how many wavelengths can be had on DWDM

A

from 2 to 128 or more wavelengths on a single fiber.

89
Q

Ytterbium erbium-doped fiber amplifier (YEDFA) with a 22-dBm output. When split, it can serve to up to __ nodes

A

64 nodes

90
Q

Lay loss factor for 121-144 Fiber-count =

A

4.3%

91
Q

“Four Nines”
99.99%
is how many Minutes Per Year?

A

52.42 minutes

92
Q

Five Nines”
99.999%
ia how Minutes Per Year?

A

5.24 minutes

Jeopardy 2016 Garza (21 decks)

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