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Tri 4 - Nutritional II > Fiber > Flashcards

Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

nondigestible carbohydrates and ligin that are intact and intrinsic in plants

A

dietary fiber

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2
Q

consists of nondigestible carbohydrates that have been isolated, extracted or manufactured and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects

A

functional fiber

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3
Q

has a Beta (1-4) linked glucose units and is a main component of plant cell walls

A

cellulose

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4
Q

cellulose is

water _____

___ fermentable

A

is NOT water soluable

NOT fermentable

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5
Q

which fiber is made up of xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose

A

hemicelluose

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6
Q

hemicelluose is

water ______

______ fermentable

A

slighty water soluable

slightly fermentable

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7
Q

backbone of this fiber is alpha (1-4) linked by D- galacturonic acid units

A

pectins

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8
Q

pectins are

water _______

______ fermentable

A

water soluable

fermentable

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9
Q

pectins are most commonly seen in

A

fruits, vegtables, and apples

gel-forming and used in food as a gelling agent in jams and jellies

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10
Q

this fiber is the only non-polysaccharide constituent of fiber

A

lignin

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11
Q

lignin is

water ______

_______ fermentable

A

NOT water soluable

NOT fermentable

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12
Q

these two ligins block estrogen and aid in protection against hormone-related cancers, diabetes and heart disease

A

enterodiol and enterolactone

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13
Q

used as food additives to promote gelling and thickening via their water binding properties

A

gums

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14
Q

gums are

water ______

_____ fermentable

A

water soluable

highly fermented

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15
Q

the backbone of this gum is galactose

A

gum arabic

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16
Q

the backbone of this gum is mannose

A

guar gum

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17
Q

the backbone of this gum is cellulose/glucose

A

xanthan gum

18
Q

homopolymers of glucopyranose units

Beta (1-3) bond

found in cereal bran such as oats and barley

A

beta- glucans

19
Q

beta-glucans are

water _______

_____ fermentable

A

water soluble

highly fermentable

20
Q

which fiber is most effective in reducing serum cholesterol

A

beta-glucans

21
Q

called polyfructose, are homopolymers of fructose units in chains of varying length

beta- (2-1) glycosidic bonds

A

fructans

22
Q

fructans are

water _____

______ fermentable

A

water soluble

fermentable

23
Q

what are the three subunits of fructans

A

inulin

oligofructose

fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

24
Q

longest link of fructose (9-60 units)

key importance with the liver and function of the glumerulo-filtration rate

A

inulin

25
Q

contains 5-8 fructose units

added to cereals, yogurt, dairy products and frozen desserts

A

oligofructose

26
Q

2-4 fructose units

promotes the growth of bifidobacteria; prebiotic

A

fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

27
Q

straight amino-polysaccharide containing beta-(1-4) linked glucose units

insoluble in water and is found in exoskeleton of insects and the shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobsters

A

chitin

28
Q

water soluble and is deacetylated form of chitin

A

chitosan

29
Q

besides beta-glucan, what other fiber is shown to effectibely reduce serum cholesterol concentrations

A

chitosan

30
Q

chitin and chitosan are both ____ fermentable

A

NOT fermentable

31
Q

components are held together by fatty acids and proteins

water solube and provides viscosity in solutions

found in laxative metamucil

A

psyllium

32
Q

pysillium is ____ fermentable

A

NOT fermentable

33
Q

gold standard amount of fiber intake per day

A

25 grams

34
Q

what are the 6 soluble fibers

A

fructans

psyllium

beta-glucans

pectins

gums

hemicelluloses

35
Q

what are the 3 insoluble fibers

A

lignin

cellulose

hemicelluloses

36
Q

what are the 4 viscous fibers (soluble)

A

psyllium

beta-glucans

pectins

gums

37
Q

what are the 3 non viscous fibers (insoluble)

A

lignin

cellulose

hemicelluloses

38
Q

which fiber group

reduces glucose absorption

delays gastric emptying (increased satiety)

reduces mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes

A

soluble fibers

39
Q

which group of fiber

shortens the transit time and decreased nutrient absorption

stimulates vasodilation

promotes tumor cell apoptosis

A

insoluble fibers

40
Q

what effect does fiber have on insulin production

A

in lessens the “spike”, resulting in a more suttle release of insulin from the pancreas

Tri 4 - Nutritional II (4 decks)

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