Fiber

Question 1

nondigestible carbohydrates and ligin that are intact and intrinsic in plants

Answer 1

dietary fiber

Question 2

consists of nondigestible carbohydrates that have been isolated, extracted or manufactured and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects

Answer 2

functional fiber

Question 3

has a Beta (1-4) linked glucose units and is a main component of plant cell walls

Answer 3

cellulose

Question 4

cellulose is

water _____

___ fermentable

Answer 4

is NOT water soluable

NOT fermentable

Question 5

which fiber is made up of xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose

Answer 5

hemicelluose

Question 6

hemicelluose is

water ______

______ fermentable

Answer 6

slighty water soluable

slightly fermentable

Question 7

backbone of this fiber is alpha (1-4) linked by D- galacturonic acid units

Answer 7

pectins

Question 8

pectins are

water _______

______ fermentable

Answer 8

water soluable

fermentable

Question 9

pectins are most commonly seen in

Answer 9

fruits, vegtables, and apples

gel-forming and used in food as a gelling agent in jams and jellies

Question 10

this fiber is the only non-polysaccharide constituent of fiber

Answer 10

lignin

Question 11

lignin is

water ______

_______ fermentable

Answer 11

NOT water soluable

NOT fermentable

Question 12

these two ligins block estrogen and aid in protection against hormone-related cancers, diabetes and heart disease

Answer 12

enterodiol and enterolactone

Question 13

used as food additives to promote gelling and thickening via their water binding properties

Answer 13

gums

Question 14

gums are

water ______

_____ fermentable

Answer 14

water soluable

highly fermented

Question 15

the backbone of this gum is galactose

Answer 15

gum arabic

Question 16

the backbone of this gum is mannose

Answer 16

guar gum

Question 17

the backbone of this gum is cellulose/glucose

Answer 17

xanthan gum

Question 18

homopolymers of glucopyranose units

Beta (1-3) bond

found in cereal bran such as oats and barley

Answer 18

beta- glucans

Question 19

beta-glucans are

water _______

_____ fermentable

Answer 19

water soluble

highly fermentable

Question 20

which fiber is most effective in reducing serum cholesterol

Answer 20

beta-glucans

Question 21

called polyfructose, are homopolymers of fructose units in chains of varying length

beta- (2-1) glycosidic bonds

Answer 21

fructans

Question 22

fructans are

water _____

______ fermentable

Answer 22

water soluble

fermentable

Question 23

what are the three subunits of fructans

Answer 23

inulin

oligofructose

fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

Question 24

longest link of fructose (9-60 units)

key importance with the liver and function of the glumerulo-filtration rate

Answer 24

inulin

Question 25

contains 5-8 fructose units added to cereals, yogurt, dairy products and frozen desserts

Answer 25

oligofructose

Question 26

2-4 fructose units promotes the growth of bifidobacteria; prebiotic

Answer 26

fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

Question 27

straight amino-polysaccharide containing beta-(1-4) linked glucose units insoluble in water and is found in exoskeleton of insects and the shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobsters

Answer 27

chitin

Question 28

water soluble and is deacetylated form of chitin

Answer 28

chitosan

Question 29

besides beta-glucan, what other fiber is shown to effectibely reduce serum cholesterol concentrations

Answer 29

chitosan

Question 30

chitin and chitosan are both ____ fermentable

Answer 30

NOT fermentable

Question 31

components are held together by fatty acids and proteins water solube and provides viscosity in solutions found in laxative metamucil

Answer 31

psyllium

Question 32

pysillium is ____ fermentable

Answer 32

NOT fermentable

Question 33

gold standard amount of fiber intake per day

Answer 33

25 grams

Question 34

what are the 6 soluble fibers

Answer 34

fructans psyllium beta-glucans pectins gums hemicelluloses

Question 35

what are the 3 insoluble fibers

Answer 35

lignin cellulose hemicelluloses

Question 36

what are the 4 viscous fibers (soluble)

Answer 36

psyllium beta-glucans pectins gums

Question 37

what are the 3 non viscous fibers (insoluble)

Answer 37

lignin cellulose hemicelluloses

Question 38

which fiber group reduces glucose absorption delays gastric emptying (increased satiety) reduces mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes

Answer 38

soluble fibers

Question 39

which group of fiber shortens the transit time and decreased nutrient absorption stimulates vasodilation promotes tumor cell apoptosis

Answer 39

insoluble fibers

Question 40

what effect does fiber have on insulin production

Answer 40

in lessens the "spike", resulting in a more suttle release of insulin from the pancreas