Fiance

Question 1

Introductions 
What was the income in 1470's?
Why was this number low? 
Why was restoration crucial?
What are the points in essay?

Answer 1

Income = 27 million maravedis - Low because of civil war
Without resources to fund admin, patrange, war
= crown under threat from forign invasion + mercy of own subjects

1. Ordinary
2. Extraordinary
3. Expenditure

Question 2

Ordinary Revenue

What did this consist of?

Answer 2

• Alcabala: Sales tax, levied at 10%
• Servisico de Montazgo
• Customs duties
• Crown Lands
• The Royal Third
  Cruzada Tax

Question 3

Strengths/ Weaknesses of Ordinary Revenue

Answer 3

Alcabala Tax: Accounted for 90% of crowns ordinary income
AFTER 1495: Crown accepted annual fixed sum
- easier to collect + Assess (encabezamiento)
BUT: did not adjust for inflation + Clergy exempt from payments + nobles confirmed in right to collec tax for own purpouses in many regions

Servisco de Montazgo = Origianlly tax on heards of sheep owned by Mesta BUT F/I extended this to all sheep pastures // increase revenues

Crown lands = Act of Resumption 1480 - restored and sized by nobles in anarchy years after 1464
- Granada Conquest + Military Orders
BUT: War Cost - Granada royal army grew from 6,000 to 50,000 // large cost
Funded by Cruzada, sale of war prisoners

Royal Third = 1/3 of all titles collected through Castile Crown = 1494 granted indefinitely

Question 4

Conclusion Ordinary Revenue

Answer 4

Thanks largely due to restoration of order +exploitation
= ORDINARY REVENUE ROSE 350%
–> Favourable economic conditions needed - passed 120+ measures affecting virtually every aspect of Castile Economic life

Question 5

Extaordinary Revenue - where did it come from

Answer 5

• Taxes against the Jews = Moors in Castile
• Servisios
• Cruzada Tax
• Juros

Question 6

Strengths/ Weaknesses of Extraordinary Revenue

Answer 6

Tax on Jews + Moors in Castile = none Catholics // do not need consent
eg. Jews paid 58 million maravedis in Granada Campaign –> while Mudejars paid less, the sale of Moorish POW to African slavers raised 56 milllion marvedis
BUT = Explusion // could not rely on them

Servicios - Cortes tax = CLERGY EXEMPT + NOBILITY
= Unofficaial tax granted by Santa Hermandad between 1480-98 when Crown didnt summon Cortes
–> So effective that Council also made responsible for the Cruzada + servisico y montazgo
= Some regard as the basis of the reformed treasury of CASTILE 1523

Juros –> After 1488: crown relied increasingly on the Loans from Grandees + local towns = // annual juros payments w. annual interest rated of 10%
Interest payments = 131 million maravedis 1516

Question 7

EXPENDATURE - what things

Answer 7

• Court
• War
• Marraige Doweries

Question 8

How much Court expenditure start + end

Answer 8

1480= 8 million maravedis 
1504 = 35 million maravedis

Question 9

How much Marriage Doweries

Answer 9

Catherine of Aragon –> Arthur

60 million maravedis

Question 10

Patronage - how much

Why

Answer 10

12 million maravedis between 1483 + 1504

Had to bribe the nobility for support in early years

Question 11

Military Costs within Peninsula after 1492

However what could reduce this?

Answer 11

500 million maravedis 1495 + 1504

Ambassador costs - 1495 + 1504 = 75 million maravedis