FF Procedures Flashcards
Prior to arrival of the FAST unit, who normally makes up the Safety Team?
BackUp and Control of the 2nd Engine
Which members make up the safety team of a 4 FF Ladder?
LCC and outside FF designated by officer
Where does the FAST unit report to upon arrival?
report and stage Near the ICP WITHIN verbal contact, at a position from which they can be readily deployed.
true or false
FAST unit shall never split up.
False
they should utilize a 2 sided approach - search team via interior, removal team via exterior.
Unit shall remain intact at large commercial or comlex buildings.
Locating a downed member and positioning them on their right side will provide what information?
Unit and position
UNLESS THE SCBA IS A SPARE!
What is the breaking strength of the 1” nylon tubular webbing?
4,000lbs
What is the knotted breaking strength of 1” nylon tubular webbing?
3,000lbs
What is the proper placement of the aerial ladder from the building?
25 to 35 feet
What is the recommeded distance of the tip of the aerial from the objective?
2” to 6”
When positioning an aerial ladder at a window, the tip should be:
less than 6” over the sill
What is the proper plaement of the aerial ladder to the fire escape?
Alongside the fire escape with the tip 2” away from the face of the bldg and about 1-3 ft above the railing.
Where do you position the truck for a severe fire at a narrow frontage building with no people showing?
Turntable CENTER of the bldg
narrow frontage (30’ or less)
Where do you position the truck for a fire at a large frontage building with no people showing?
approx 15 feet from the side wall passed on your approach.
large frontage = over 30’
Smaller sheets of salvage plastic, ________, can be used to cover window openings.
4 1/2 x 6 ft
Who is responsible for completing a copy of the Salvage form?
Ladder co Officer completes a SINGLE copy of the SAL-2 form
this form is filed in the unit.
As an officer, if one of your members bitten by a dog what notifications shall be made?
- EMS
- PD
- Board of Health
- Animal Care Center - IF DOG IS A STRAY
- Medical Officer
Units encountering security dogs at operations or various field duties must enter this info into the CIDS. What information should be included?
- location in premise where dogs are kept and type of dog.
2. Name of Handlers if on premises, OR readily available with telephone numbers
What tools are ineffective on LEXAN windows?
Air Chisel
Torch
Pike Axe
LEXAN windows can be cut quickly and easily by using the _________
Saw with the CARBIDE TIPPED blade
The sawzall with a _________ blade, is also effective on LEXAN windows
coarse tooth WOOD
In city housing projects, a gray chute door on the first floor indicates:
a COMPACTOR chute
red for incinerator
Steel cans filled with ashes may indicate:
an INCINERATOR
What are the width of the marked lines for a vacant building?
2 inches
When a unit surveying their district discovers a new vacant building, who should they notify?
ALL units assigned in the FIRST ALARM
A study revealed that approximately ______ of the casualties in confined space incidents started out as _________
60%
RESCUERS
If a confined space poses a danger to anyone that enters it, it is designated a Permit Required Confined Space (Permit Space). A Permit Space is any confined space that has one or more of the following potential problems:
- Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
- Contains material that could potentially engulf a person
- Is shaped in a way that a person could be caught or asphyxiated by inwardly tapering walls, or floors that slope downward, tapering into a smaller cross-section
- Contains any recognized, serious health or safety hazard.
Who designates a permit space?
The owner of the space, who issues the permit
“Danger: Permit Required Confined Space - Do Not Enter” or similar wording.
a Non-Permit Space can be just as deadly as a Permit Space.
True
it just doesnt have a sign to warn you of the dangers
What are the 3 type of Atmospheric Hazards in a confined space?
- Asphyxiant
- Toxic
- Explosive
code - ATE
Can our meters detect toxic materials in a confined space?
No there is no accurate way to test for the presence of all possible toxic materials.
Treat Every confined space as a deadly atmosphere until proven by verified meter readings.
Members of SOC Support Ladders are trained in what kind of confined space rescues?
Line of Sight rescues
Your company is one of the first arriving units at a confined space emergency. How many radio-euipped members are posted at the location which controls flow/energy to the space?
2 members with necessary tools AT EACH LOCATION
All members entering a confined space must be breathing air from the SCBA unless ___________________
PROVEN non-hazardous via continuous meter readings
Safe Atmospheric Conditions of Confined Spaces
- Oxygen Concentration:
- Flammable Range:
- Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide:
- Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide:
- between 19.5% and 23.5%
- Not Over 10% of LEL
- Not Over 35 ppm
- Not Over 10 ppm
What is the weight-supporting capacity of:
Tower Ladder
Aerial Ladder
1,000 lbs
250 lbs
TL Never used to Lift a person
The member selected for initial entry to the confined space should, at a minimum, be _______ certified.
CFR
If the victim in a confined space is breathing but the atmosphere is a threat, what is the highest priority?
Establishing an Airway and placement of a SCBA facepiece.
Other than the FAST unit’s FAST PAK*
Confined Space Ops
All trauma patients and patients that are unconscious for an unknown reason:
should be treated as having Spinal Injuries
At a fire in a vacant building, limited application of interior streams is advisable when penetration of outside streams is restricted to:
The Front 2 rooms
When stretching hand lines into exposures for operations into the vacant fire building, what handling should be considered?
2-1/2” with ss nozzle for additional Gpm and reach
When placing a TL in a vacant lot to access the fire building, the boom should not be operated __________________, but instead ________________
At Right angles to the chasis at low elevations.
Narrow angles over the front or rear of the apparatus
At vacant building fires, how many members should be assigned to search all floors below the operating force for presence of other fires or conditions?
How many of those members shall be radio equipped?
2 members search
1 with a radio
Sprinkers are generally found where in Taxpayers?
Cellar areas
What is the most prevalent type of Taxpayer?
1920s to 1960s
What type of Taxpayer is described below?
Usually 1 story but can be 2. Have partitions, girders, beams, and columns of wood and may be considered wood frame buildings although most have masonry exteriors. Original ceilings may be tin, nailed directly to the beams or furring strips. Original lath and plaster and wood ceilings could be covered with tin. Decorative metal cornices on the front of some buildings that can be removed to provide access to the cockloft area.
older type built from the turn of the century to the 1920s
What type of Taxpayer is described below?
Usually larger in area and many are one-tenant occupants, such as supermarkets, bowling alleys, restaurants, factories etc. Many are 2 stories with various stores on first floor. Second floor may house large meeting halls, dancehalls, restaurants, factories etc. or the floor may be broken up into small offices and rooms. Egress from upper floor may be via one or more interior stairways or fire escapes. Removing cornice or sign in most cases will not provide access to the cockloft area.
built 1920s to 1960s
What type of Taxpayer is described below?
Use of combustible construction materials has been reduced. Steel bar joists are used to support the floors and roof in place of wood beams. The floor and roof may be concrete poured on top of metal decking which is supported by the metal joists. The roofs may also be concrete slabs between bar joists or fiberous material slabs supported in metal channels. All of these surfaces will have a poured pitch and gravel covering.
Newer type built since 1960s
Rules for Taxpayer sprinkler code:
1938
1968
2008 Group M-Mercantile
area exceeding:
10,000
7,500
Full Building - 12,000 or combined exceeds 24,000
What is the size of cockloft in a Taxpayer?
Varies from 4 inches to over 6 feet.
What is the most common type of roof on a taxpayer?
constructed of wood joists covered with either Tongue and Groove boards or Plywood.
The Bowstring Truss roof may only support _____ of the load they were originally designed to hold.
40%
Steel trusses tend to ______ when losing their strength becuase of elevated temperatures, but wood tends to ______
Stretch
Snap
What is the fire resistance rating of Open Web Steel Joists?
They have NO fire resistance rating
Open web steel joists are used to span lengths of up to ___ feet.
60
Unprotected open web steel joists may collapse in?
Only 5 or 10 minutes
How do Concrete block walls and Brick walls usually fall in terms of collapse at Taxpayers?
Concrete block = Hinge at Ground level and an entire side or rear wall may Remain Intact and fall out FLAT
Brick walls = CRUMBLE or Break as they fall, but can be projected.
An average 50 ft long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 F will extend approximately?
4 inches
At 1000 F a 100 ft long beam will extend?
9-1/2 inches
Tests have shown that cooling a steel member will cause it to?
Regain its strength and load carrying ability. There should be hesitation in cooling these members.
Cast Iron Columns are unpredictable and fail, on average, in about __________
30 minutes
What is greater, the failure of a column, a girder, or a beam?
COLUMN
What is the most common type of floors in Taxpayers?
Tongue and Groove boards or plywood, supported by wood floor joists.
Warning signs that will signal potential collapse at Taxpayers:
Heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for ____________ or more particularly in a large open floor area.
20 minutes
Warning signs for potential collapse in Taxpayers:
Inability to make successful headway against a heavy fire condition ___________________ into the operation.
WITHIN 20 minutes
At 1,100 F, cast iron loses ______ of its original strength.
58%
Where do most fires originate in Taxpayers?
Rear of the first floor where utilities, storage, and services are located
What are the three considerations in assessing the possibility of a structural collapse?
- type of Construction involved
- Intensity of the Fire
- Time that the structural members have been burning or subjected to the heat of fire
A Heavy body of fire at a Taxpayer, which has been burning out of control for __________ or more, particularly in a large open floor area is considered a Warning Sign for potential collapse.
20 minutes
What are the colors of smoke associated with a Backdraft?
- Dense black = lack of oxygen and large quantities of free carbon and carbon monoxide gas.
- Dirty Brown
- Yellow Brown
- Gray Yellow
What areas are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts in Taxpayers?
CELLAR and STORAGE AREAS
A room or fire area requires only _____ of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
25%
In most cases the high portion of the cockloft is?
at the FRONT
If additional openings must be made on the roof of a Taxpayer, who chooses the location of those openings?
Roof Sector Supervisor or orders from IC
at a Taxpayer fire, a Roof Sector Supervisor must supervise roof ops when?
when More than 1 saw is working on the roof
Engine companies using an FT-2 tip to relieve an area of smoke and heat should remember to adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back how many feet while operating?
4 to 5 ft
While cutting the roof of a Taxpayer, it was not possible to be lifted off in one piece. Which should be removed first?
the roof Covering, then the roof Boards
When there is a need for members to operste on a bowstring truss roof of a building not involved in fire (operating a hoseline from the roof into an adjoining fire building) the IC must take what into account?
the past history of truss failure
What is the most common decking in newer taxpayers with lightweight open web steel joists?
Corrugated steel
4 to 6 ft of spacing between joists
When would you special call an extra Engine and Ladder at a taxpayer fire?
when 2 Handlines are operating on an Advanced Fire in a Store
When would you transmit a 2nd alarm at a Taxpayer fire?
Extension to the Cockloft, Adjoining Occupancy, or for an Advanced Fire in the CELLAR
a properly positioned tower ladder at a taxpayer can cover a building with a frontage of?
100 ft
In most cases, where is the location of the last emergency exit and last crossover to the adjacent under river rail tube?
Tunnel-to-Tube Transition Area
What kind of exit stairways in under river rails are often steeper with open treads?
Metal stairs
Does the depth and pitch of stairways correspond to the depths of under river tubes?
Yes
range from 24 to 130 ft deep
All under river standpipes in the NYCT are:
WET
Under river rail standpipes are:
CITY-MAIN FED
Are there pumps to augment pressures in standpipes in under river rails?
NO
Siameses in under river rails are usually located?
at the Emergency Exits Closest to the River
2-1/2” outlets are located every _______ throughout under river tubes.
200 feet
Section valves are located approximately _______ apart in under river tubes.
600 feet
What is located at the standpipe outlets in under river tubes?
Sound Powered Phone Jacks
which is every 200 ft
Where are section valves often found in under river tubes?
at the base of Emergency Exits
and every 600 feet
Where can you find a 20lb Dry Chem Extinguisher in an under river tube?
at Power Removal Boxes
approx every 600 feet
Emergency Evacuation Devices are located?
at both ends of each under river tube at the base of the Emergency Exits
NYCT EED’s are also located near stations, at the first blue light _____ of the station, on the ______bound track.
SOUTH and SOUTH
Members operating the Subway Repeater System at street level on opposite sides of the tunnel (will or will not) be able to relay messages across the river?
will and Should
Blue Light Phones are found where in under river tubes?
near the Emergency Power Removal Boxes.
approx 600 ft apart
a member using a blue light phone in the tube can call who?
TA Trainmaster or the phone in the token booth of the Nearest station.
Members using the sound powered phone in the tubes should use:
Headphones and Amplifiers - to overcome high levels of background noise
A blue light phone ____ be used to call outside the system, but ____ receive calls from outside the system.
CANNOT call outside
CAN receive calls
What is the primary method for moving patients and equipment at under river tubes?
RAIL CARTS
The guide FF is to remain in position until the outrigger is:
Fully lowered on the Operators Blind Side
What is the outrigger clearance of a 95’ TL?
6’8”
Where are the manual pins placed for outriggers?
for Jacks?
Lowest Hole
Highest Slot
Movement of pedestal controls without corresponding movement of the bucket:
could indicate a MALFUNCTION or PHYSICAL RESTRICTION IN BUCKET MOVEMENT
What part of the bucket is not a substantial part of the bucket and not used as a substantial object when tying off?
BUCKET RAILINGS
Who controls the bucket when operating delicate maneuvers are required?
Pedestal FF
Where is the gated inlet and ungated inlet on the TL?
3”x3” GATED on LEFT side
4-1/2” UNGATED on RIGHT side
When is the TL intercom tested?
Each tour and prior to operation
What is the reference point of the TL?
ALWAYS THE PEDESTAL
When a TL stream application is anticipated from the street level, the angle of the TL should be:
IN TOWARDS THE BUILDING LINE
What is the ideal horizontal distance from the center line of the turntable to an objective?
32 feet
When the center line of the turntable is _____ from a building, there will be sufficient room for the bucket to be dropped below the horizontal.
25 feet
A TL can potentially cover how many Row Frames?
6
What is the preferred method of rescue where the member is operating the bucket to rescue a victim in a building?
ANGULAR APPROACH
When operating a TL on a hill, position the apparatus parallel to the direction of the slope so that the boom operations will be in the:
UP-HILL DIRECTION
If a TL is facing down-hill, where do you place the turntable in relation to the objective?
PAST the objective - bucket will operate uphill towards the objective
If a TL is facing up-hill, where do you place the turntable in relation to the objective?
BEFORE the objective - operate bucket uphill
When gaining entry into an apartment off the bucket, what should the member place into the window as a reference point?
6’ hook firmly into corner, and/or bucket cord light into the window
What is the preferred position of the bucket for rescuing unconscious, incapacitated or obese victims?
Top Bucket Rail Level with the Sill or Top Rail of Fire Escape
How should you position the bucket for recsue of an ambulatory person?
Middle of the bucket at a level where a person can easily step into it without straddling the sill or fire escape railing
How is the apparatus placed for rescue from a window?
Bucket lined up with the window
What is the preferred positioning of the stokes basket being lashed to a substantial part of the bucket?
DIAGONAL
position apparatus center line of turntable at least 25-30’ from the building
When placed to the roof for access, what is the preferred positioning of the bucket?
Over the Roof, Parapet, or Cornice and the GATE PARALLEL TO THE ROOFLINE
When using a power saw from the bucket at a peaked roof PD, where is the bucket positioned?
AS CLOSE TO THE RIDGE POLE AS POSSIBLE
What is the order of cuts at a peaked roof from the bucket?
- Parallel to the RIDGE Pole *
- Bottom slanted cut
- Vertical connecting 1st and 2nd
- KNOCK OUT CUT!
What cut is the knock out cut on a Peaked Roof?
FOURTH
and last cut
The bucket is wedged at an operation. What is the protocol?
- Notify IC with URGENT
- verify members are secured to substantial part of the bucket - REMAIN LOW
immediately Crouch, Sit, or otherwise remain low in anticipation for sudden, violent movements
When overhauling from the bucket, position the top of the bucket railing:
SLIGHTLY BELOW work area
What is the minimum safe distance to stay away from passenger air bags during auto extrication?
A. 5 inches
B. 10 inches
C. 15 inches
D. 20 inches
D 20 5-10-15 rule 5 side air bags 10 drivers 20 passengers
When ___________ fire coditions are encountered the initial lines at Taxpayer fires should be 2-1/2”
HEAVY or MEDIUM
When can a 2-1/2” line be reduced to 1-3/4”?
AFTER THE INITIAL ATTACK, if the striking power and water capabiliiy is not required
Which company ensures the sprinker system is supplied?
THIRD Engine
In a building equipped with a sprinkler system and if staffing and conditions permit at a taxpayer fire, the first engine company shall stretch the first line into place and:
a second line stretched to feed the
Fire in a Taxpayer:
Second due engine company assisted the first engine with the initial line, and stretched a second line to the feed the sprinker system in the building. What is their next step?
Stretch a line to backup the first engine’s line
When fire has control of the cockloft in a taxpayer, the second due engine should?
- assist the first engine with initial line
- STRETCH 2nd LINE INTO ANOTHER SERIOUSLY EXPOSED BUILDING AND OPERATE INTO THE COCKLOFT
- this is done to push the extending fire back towards the original fire building*
(this differs from fires in cellar & stores)
When ladder company personnel are used to force security gates and street doors:
it may be preferrable to have them continue down the row of stores, opening all that may be reasonably expected.
What would aid you in suspecting a cellar fire at a taxpayer?
Smoke shows in many stores and there is High Heat on the First Floor WITH NO VISIBLE FLAME
Who shuts down utilities at a cellar fire in a taxpayer?
1st due INSIDE TEAM
Where does the 1st due LCC go after initial laddering duties at a fire in the cellar of a taxpayer?
Joins the FE Team, if not directed otherwise
2nd due LCC same thing
Fire in the store of a taxpayer;
Ventilation of the store at the fron by the removal of show windows shall be done if ordered by?
INCIDENT COMMANDER - and only when a charged line is in place
Cellar fires = 1st LCO
The practicality of trenching a taxpayer will depend on:
- size of the roof
- volume of fire
- ceilings - height and type
If fire extends to the cockloft of a taxpayer, where is the 1st due LCC’s position?
ROOF to assist roof FF
Truck companies other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, should report in to taxpayer fires with?
10 and 12 foot hooks besides their normal tool complement
Taxpayer fire
When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, what must also be taken?
a Hook
Taxpayer fire
members going to the roof subsequently should bring what tools?
Ax or Iron with saw if available
What is the tool complement of the 2nd due Roof FF at fire in the store and/or cockloft of a taxpayer?
2nd portable to roof
Saw with Ax & Iron
Taxpayers
In a second floor occupancy with large unobstructed areas, such as dance or meeting hall, the ceiling beams span __________, the cockloft may be _________ and the ceilings may be ___________
GREATER distances
DEEPER
HIGHER
Which type of architecture of places of worship are susceptible to early collapse?
BOTH older and newer
Older = large high timber truss roof
Newer = lightweight truss construction
What are the 5 major defects or faults in the construction of places of worship?
- Early collapse potential
- Concealed voids
- Combustible material - Truss Roof Construction
- Lack of fire suppression and detection systems
- Large open areas with Limited or No fire stopping
What area in places of worship must be accessed to check for fire extension?
ATTIC SPACE
unnoticed fire could cause collapse of the roof truss beams and ceiling
Places of Worship
When fire is located within the large open area, what is the first priority for water application?
TL STREAM into the ROSE WINDOW
Where are attic vents typically located in places of worship?
Front or Rear of the LONG SIDE
- when located in the Front, it will be a few feet above the Rose window
- is an excellent location for water application
Places of Worship
When fire is not visible within the large area but suspected to be within the concealed area of the attic or cockloft, what is the priority of water application?
INTO THE VENTILATION OPENING
When a fire is in the cellar area in a place of worship, units operating above the cellar must:
Immediately check for extension on the 1st floor AND in the Cockloft/Attic area
High Vaulted Ceilings in places of worship can be 60 or more feet in height. What are some key considerations?
- conditions at ground level will not provide accurated indication of fire conditions above
- TIC MUST BE USED
- REQUIRES use of 2-1/2” hoseline
What is always a major concern for firefighters in a place of worship?
COLLAPSE
collapse dangers: Bell Tower, Minaret, Steeple, Ceilings, Sidewalls & the Roof
What is more unstable: a steeple or dome?
a STEEPLE atop a bell tower is more unstable than a Dome above a tower
In places of worship, what are the bearing walls?
Sidewalls - and they run Parallel With The Ridge
What are the most dangerous areas during a fire at a place of worship?
Exposure 2 & 4 SIDEWALLS and the exposure side of the STEEPLE or BELL TOWER
Fire is in a large open area of a place of worship, what size will the initial hoseline be?
2-1/2”
reach of the stream required
Fire is in the cellar of a place of worship, what size will the hoseline be?
1-3/4”
close quarters, mobility
Fire is in the cellar of a place of worship, after a coordinated size-up and comunication bt the first engine and truck officer, the first hoseline should be stretched to the entrance door that:
provides the QUICKEST ACCESS to the cellar in order to extinguish the fire
Fire is in the cellar of a place of worship, the second hoseline will initially be positioned and:
CHARGED OUTSIDE the fire building as a backup for the first line. When not needed to backup the first line, it can be used to extinguish any fire that may extend to the floor above or be positioned as per IC
Whenever 2 hoselines are stretched and operating at a place of worship and the fire does not show immediate signs of extinguishment:
the IC should prepare for an exterior attack
When fire is found to involve the truss space in a place of worship, what should be the primary tactical consideration?
EXTERIOR OPERATIONS
Are search ropes required at Places of Worship?
No - CONSIDER use of a search rope
What is the best window to vent at a fire in a place of worship?
WINDOW CLOSEST to the fire in conjunction with hoseline advancement
- Rose window May Not provide adequate ventilation
- side stain glass windows will not effectively ventialte upper portions of structure
Places of Worship
When are the walls and attic areas checked for fire extension?
As soon as first hoselines KNOCK DOWN the fire.
it is Imperative to check then
Places of Worship
Who attempts an examination of the cellar for fire?
1st due Truck
Places of Worship
Who ensures an examination of the cellar for fire?
2nd due Truck
A properly positioned TL can cover a building with a frontage of:
100 feet
Incendiary fire =
Designation by Fire Marshal
inentionally set by someone - presence of accelerant or fire setting device, 2 or more separate and distinct fires at same time, eye witness, confession, or a combustible substance deliberately placed at point of origin
Suspicious fire =
Desgination by IC
There are indications that the fire may have been set and all accidental causes HAVE NOT BEEN ELIMINATED
Trailers are:
material arranged to SPREAD FIRE
Plants are:
material arranged to START AND FEED INITIAL FIRE
Charring of the floor or low burn marks on the wall or under the door or on the lower part of the door can be a possible indication of:
Use of Flammable Accelerants
When an occupant or witness is giving you information about a suspicious fire, what information do you not put on the face of fire reports?
NAMES or STATEMENTS
At a fatal fire and arson investigation, a fire line must be established. Relatives, neighbors, spectators, media, and members of the dept shall not cross established fire lines unless authroized by:
ASSIGNED FIRE MARSHAL and/or CHIEF OF OPERATIONS
Do not move the body pending arrival of:
Fire marshal and Medical Examiner
How do most victims from fires die?
Asphyxiation in conjunction with CO poisoning, or spasm of the epiglottis (strangling), caused by inhalation of super-heated fire gases and smoke
What could indicate death prior to the fire?
ABSENCE OF CO in the Blood
What would indicate victim was alive at the time of fire?
CO may cause victim to appear life-like - Pink to Cherry Red color of Lips, Eyelids, or Skin
What is lividity?
settling of blood to the lowest horizontal areas of body; PINK or RED SKIN
When does lividity usally start? When is it completed?
1-2 hours after death
completed after 3 to 4 hours
Could indicate victim was moved after death and placed at the fire scene.
A pugilistic position does not indicate?
VIOLENCE or a STRUGGLE
How many firefighters is sufficient to establish the fire department contorl of the premises?
1 FF, fulfilling a watchline with a Hand Extinguisher
Safeguarding at the scene of Arson:
Request PD, but who is in charge?
Do Not Leave Only the Patrolman in Charge.
Both will be
What are the options to secure evidence?
- 1 Gallon Metal Can such as a NEW Paint Can (NEVER use a can that was previously used)
- Clean Glass Jar with a tightly fitted lid
- a Plastic Bag in an Emergency. Should be NEW, HEAVY GAUGE and used in PAIRS
Can you use a plastic container to secure evidence at an arson case?
yes. Try to AVOID use of plastic containers, but it is Not a Never!
Where possible, do not remove evidence pending arrival of:
a Fire Marshal
Evidence Collection and Preservation:
If a Fire Marshal is not responding -
Request Photo Unit to respond to take pictures
When labeling and marking evidence at the fire scene:
NEVER Label, Mark, or Alter Evidence in any way PRIOR to Photos
Evidence Cannot be left in the office unless:
it is Locked Up OR Someone else signs and stays with it
Continuity of Evidence
When an accelerant is used, where is the point of origin?
Exact Point or a General Area
Fire personnel usually must work backward in relation to the fire’s travel or spread. Work from:
Clean Area, to the Smoke Stained area, to the Heat Peeling area, to the Char area
Arson
What may help to locate the point of origin?
Ceiling damage
What is the normal travel of fire?
Upward and Outward
“V” pattern burns usually point _______ the point of origin
TOWARDS
becuase fire travel moves upwards and outwards; hence making a V
Absence of “V” pattern of burning could mean?
an Accelerant was used. May cause perpendicular burns on walls.
Multiple points of origin may indicate?
ARSON
each point must be examined before making a final decision
Heavy smoke stains remote from the point of origin, usually indicate:
SLOW fire build up
Light smoke stains usually indicate:
RAPID build up of the fire, Little Fire Damage and are found Close to the point of origin
Small crazing of glass means:
Is found?
Intense and Rapid Heat build up.
Closer to the point of origin
Large crazing of glass means:
Is found?
Slow Heat build up
Remoteness from the point of origin
Checkering of glass (half moon effects or marks) usually results from water being applied to heated glass.
This indicates the window was still in place when the firefighters operated at the fire.
Arson
Wood structural members may burn approximately:
1” every 45 minutes
Smaller blister type charring may indicate?
Longer Burning and Hot Fires
Lack of specific point of origin
What may identify the area of origin?
Extent of floor damage and depth of char
During what period(s) of traffic is danger of secondary collision greatest?
Light to Moderate
Upon the scene of an incident on a highway, you would be correct to:
Immediatel upon arrival Dispatcher Shall Be Notified to Request PD. If required authorized tow also.
Always notify PD, dont always have to notify a tow
When will a single fire unit response to a highway incident be ok?
Which unit will be dispatched?
When EMS units are on scene other than “Accidents with Injuries and/or pedestrian struck”
SINGLE LADDER
How long will the Ladder Co remain on scene for incident on highway?
for the DURATION of both Fire and EMS ops
to divert or block traffic
Where placement of apparatus will expose it to the possibility of fire extension, Pumper may be placed beyond the fire vehicle, but:
Second Apparatus, and Third if necessary, SHALL ALWAYS be placed between oncoming traffic and operating forces
Blocking (second) apparatus shall be placed where behind the operating unit?
AT LEAST 50 FEET
Members shall avoid standing on highway pavement to the rear of second apparatus, unless placing flares, cones or signs and:
TRAFFIC IS STOPPED
Flares should be placed:
and in groups of:
to Block 1 or 2 Lanes or to Completely Block a Roadway
4 to 6 flares
Before leaving the apparatus the member lights one flare and carrying the lit flare walks the proper distance to:
Place the FARTHEST flare / Cone FIRST