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2024 Promotional Exam > FF Operations Bulletins > Flashcards

FF Operations Bulletins Flashcards

Vehicle Fires E85 Fuel

1
Q

When possible, apparatus shall be positioned how on an involved vehicle fire?

A

uphill and in front of, and at least 100 feet from the involved vehicle

FF Ops Bull. No. 1 pg. 1

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2
Q

Full PPE and SCBA shall be worn by all members operating on the scene of a vehicle fire. Members shall place their SCBA in-service, when?

A

Prior to approaching an involved vehicle, a minimum of 25 feet away.

FF Ops Bull. No. 1 pg. 2

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3
Q

At least how many wheels shall be chocked on a vehicle fire?

A

One wheel as soon as it is safe to do so.

FF Ops Bull. No. 1 pg. 2

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4
Q

Involved vehicles should be approached how?

A

From the end opposite the fuel tank, and from a 45-degree angle whenever possible.

FF Ops Bull. No. 1 pg. 2

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5
Q

A minimum of __ ___ hose line will be utilized on vehicle fires. Where should the line/s be placed?

A

one 1-1/2”, The first line should be used to extinguish fire in the passenger compartment. The second 1-1/2” hose line should be placed in service as a backup line and/or to cool fuel storage areas when necessary

FF Ops Bull. No. 1 pg. 2

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6
Q

Who is responsible for positioning apparatus on vehicle fires?

A

Drivers and Company Officers are jointly responsible.

FF Ops Bull. No 1 pg. 3

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7
Q

E85 fuel is an alternative fuel composed of __ percent ethanol and __ percent gasoline.

A

85, 15

FF Ops Bull. No 2 pg. 1

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8
Q

E85 is designed for use in what?

A

flexible fuel vehicles, referred to as “FFVs.”

FF Ops Bull. No 2. pg. 1

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9
Q

Fires involving E85 should be treated differently than traditional gasoline fires because?

A

E85 is a polar/water-miscible flammable liquid.

FF Ops Bull. No 2 pg. 1

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10
Q

According to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), fires involving E85 should be treated differently than traditional gasoline fires, why?

A

Because E85 is a polar/water-miscible flammable liquid.

FF Ops Bull. No. 2 pg. 1

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11
Q

___ is highly flammable, and will be easily ignited by heat sparks, or flames.

A

E85

FF Ops Bull. No 2 pg. 1

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12
Q

According to the ERG2004, on E85 leaks/accidents, as an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least ___ meters (___ feet) in all directions, and stay where?

A

50, 150, upwind

FF Ops Bull. No 2 pg. 1

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13
Q

For fires, E85 fuel has a very ____ flash point, use of water spray when fighting fire may be what?

A

low, inefficient

FF Ops Bull. No 2 pg. 2

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14
Q

For small E85 fires use what?

A

dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol-resistant foam.

FF Ops Bull. No 2 pg. 2

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15
Q

For large E85 fires use what?

A
  1. Use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam.
  2. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
  3. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

FF Ops Bull. No. 2 pg. 2

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16
Q

For fire involving E85 tanks or car/trailer loads how should we fight the fire?

A

From maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.

FF Ops Bull No. 2 pg. 2

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17
Q

For E85 spills or leaks, public safety should always do what?

A

Eliminate all ignition sources in the immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
* Do not touch or walk through spilled material
* Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
* Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements, or confined areas.
* Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand, or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
* Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material

FF Ops Bull No. 2 pg. 3

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18
Q

Evacuation for a large E85 spill, public safety should consider what?

A

Downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1,000 feet).

FF Ops Bull 2 pg. 3

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19
Q

For evacuation if tank, rail car, or tank truck is involved in an E85 fire, ISOLATE for ___ meters, (___mile) in ___ directions. Also, consider the evacuation for ___ meters (___mile) in ___ directions.

A

800, 1/2, all, 800, 1/2, all

FF Ops Bull 2 pg. 3

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20
Q

In case of contact with E85 substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least __ minutes; wash skin with what?

A

20, soap and water

FF Ops Bull 2 pg. 3

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21
Q

In case of burns from E85 fuel, what should be done?

A

Immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

FF Ops Bull. No. 2 pg. 3

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22
Q

For the Metro CNG buses, where are they filled?

A

The only location to fill the buses in Washington is at the Bladensburg Road facility.

FF Ops Bull. No 3 pg. 1

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23
Q

The buses in the Metro fleet contain __ ___ tanks that operate at ___ ___.

A

7 CNG, 3,600 PSI

FF Ops Bull 3 pg. 1

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24
Q

The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks that operate at 3,600 PSI. The range of the pressure can vary depending on the ambient temperature, from ____ ___(cold) to ___ ___ (warm).

A

3,400 PSI, 4,000 PSI

FF Ops Bull 3 pg. 1

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25
Q

The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks located where?

A

On the roof.

FF Ops Bull 3 pg. 1

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26
Q

The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks. Each tank is ___ long and ___ in diameter and weighs ____.

A

120 inches, 15.9 inches, 269 lbs.

FF Ops Bull 3 pg. 1

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27
Q

Each CNG tank on Metro Buses is constructed how?

A

A lightweight plastic and wrapped with a carbon glass fiber.

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 1

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28
Q

The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks. Each tank has an independent shutoff located at the ___ __ __ ___. The flow of gas can be shut down by turning the lever __ degrees. The lever will be _______ to the piping.

A

end of each tank, 90, perpendicular

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 1

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29
Q

There are __ ____ located in the roof area of Metro CNG buses.

A

8 PRD’s (pressure relief devices)

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 1

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30
Q

The pressure relief devices on the Metro buses will activate at ____ PSI or when the tank is heated to ___ degrees (f).

A

5,400, 220

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 1

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31
Q

The buses in the Metro fleet have __ ____ sensors located on the bus. __ are in the tank compartment and __ are located in the engine compartment. The sensors alert the driver to leaks in 2 modes:____ and _____. If a ______ alert is activated the engine will ___ ____.

A

4 methane, 2, 2, trace, significant, significant, shut down

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 1

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32
Q

The most practical method of extinguishing a CNG fire is to ___ ___ __ ___ at its source.

A

shut off the gas

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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33
Q

CNG burns with an ____ flame.

A

orange

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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34
Q

Temperature sensors are also located on the Metro bus and release an extinguishing agent when reaching a temperature of ___ degrees (f).

A

280

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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35
Q

The extinguisher system on the Metro bus can be manually activated by the driver which is located near.

A

The driver’s position.

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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36
Q

The 7 tanks are filled with a compressed natural gas that is mostly made up of ____. ______ is added to give it a distinct odor.

A

Methane, Mercaptan

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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37
Q

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has a flash point of ____.

A

560 degrees.

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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38
Q

For minor leaks of CNG, remove ignition sources ____ feet and ____ feet for major leaks.

A

100, 300

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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39
Q

CNG is non-toxic, however, in large volumes and in confined spaces what happens?

A

The oxygen will be displaced and cause asphyxiation.

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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40
Q

On Metro buses the CNG low-pressure leaks will first be noticed by their ___. High-pressure leaks will be noticed by the ____.

A

odor, sound

FF Ops Bull No. 3 pg. 2

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41
Q

What is the purpose of the High Ladder Removal Kit (HLRK)?

A

To aid in the removal of a downed firefighter from an elevated position, through upper floor windows or a roof.

FF Ops Bull No. 4 pg. 1

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42
Q

In preparation for high ladder kit deployment, the first unit(s) to make contact with the downed firefighter (RIT team or other units operating in the area) will do what?

A

Will package the downed firefighter and position him/her as close to a window as possible.

FF Ops Bull No. 4 pg. 1

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43
Q

How will the deployment of the High Ladder Removal Kit start?

A

By raising a ladder to the highest point above the window being used.

FF Ops Bull No. 4 pg. 1

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44
Q

Definitions
High Ladder Removal Kit

A

A bag containing 100’ of 1/2” static kernmantle rope, a rope log, and a 2:1 mechanical advantage system. (2 swivel pulleys, 1 large (rescue) carabiner and 1 small (high point) carabiner, and a prusik).

FF Ops Bull No. 4 pg. 1

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45
Q

The greatest danger after a helicopter crash is ___.

A

Fire

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 1

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46
Q

All onlookers should be kept a minimum of ____ ___ from a helicopter crash scene.

A

1,500 feet

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 1

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47
Q

Most aircraft carry only enough fuel for their particular mission plus a slight reserve. Members should expect a potential ___ ______ of fuel on board the aircraft at any crash scene.

A

100 gallons

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 1

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48
Q

The safest area of a crash is _____ the helicopter.

A

inside

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 1

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49
Q

Generally, most passenger seats are equipped with what? Pilot and copilot seats have what and how can they be removed?

A

standard lap belts, multi-point system, unlatch a single release or by using the seat belt cutter.

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 1

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50
Q

The landing zone (LZ) OIC shall survey the area for _____ and if suspended wires or other obstructions are present or near the scene this information should be relayed to the ____ prior to the helicopters approach.

A

hazards, pilot

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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51
Q

If the landing area will involve a street or thoroughfare it is important to stop all traffic in both directions ___ ___ from the landing site. The lead cars in each direction should ___ ___ _____ ____.

A

150 feet, turn off vehicle lights

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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52
Q

If the landing zone is in a field or park, a minimum diameter of ___ ___ is preferred.

A

100 feet.

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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53
Q

When selecting a safe landing zone, the helicopter will generally try to land how?

A

Descending in the direction of the wind or with the wind no more than 90 degrees off the nose of the aircraft.

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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54
Q

Always approach a helicopter from the direction in which the pilot can ___ ___. Do not approach until ___ _____ is made and the pilot gives you a ____ to approach.

A

see you, eye contact, signal

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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55
Q

Never approach an aircraft (helicopter) from where?

A

The rear of the aircraft or cross under the tail rotor. Always leave by the same route that you approached, either front or side.

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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56
Q

While aircraft is on the ground, post a guard at the ___ of the aircraft only during the time the helicopter is on the ground just outside of the perimeter (____ _) to alert people of the ___ ____.

A

rear, 100 ft, tail rotor

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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57
Q

When approaching an aircraft, always keep tools and appliances at ___ ____.

A

waist high. Be aware of rotor wash and secure all gear, both personal and operational.

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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58
Q

With helicopters, the aircraft is made of lightweight metals such as ____, _____, and _____. Generally you will find these metals in the ____, _____, and ____ ___.

A

magnesium, titanium, aluminum, frame, engine, landing gear

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 2

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59
Q

In helicopters, magnesium is a lightweight, silvery-white metal that melts and ignites at approximately ____ ___ F. It will react violently with ___ and depending on the volume involved a ___ __ (dry powder) extinguishers are required.

A

1,200 degrees, water, Class D

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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60
Q

In helicopters, titanium is silver-gray in color and is as strong as ____. Although lightweight it presents extreme _______ challenges.

A

steel, extrication

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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61
Q

In helicopters, aluminum is lightweight and will lose structural support at the melting point of ____ degrees Fahrenheit to ___ degrees Fahrenheit.

A

700, 800

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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62
Q

The aircraft may have one or more engines located ____ __ ___ _____. In addition, the transmission is also located in this area. This presents a problem, why?

A

high in the frame, the aircraft is top-heavy with a tendency to flip. This tendency of the aircraft to flip is especially true in aircraft in water crashes.

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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63
Q

Most aircraft fuel will have characteristics of ____ fuel rather then gasoline, the only aircraft fuel that is more volatile is ____ ____, which is ____ ___ or more.

A

diesel, aviation fuel, 100% octane

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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64
Q

Aviation fuel will be found in ___ ___ ___, not _______.

A

small personal planes, helicopters

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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65
Q

Jet Fuel A is what kind of fuel and where is it found?

A

Kerosene-type fuel, helicopter turbine engines

FF Ops Bull No. 5 pg. 3

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66
Q

The ordinary search technique, or right-hand/left-hand search requires what?

A

The firefighter to maintain contact with a wall while sweeping with the free hand to locate trapped occupants.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 1

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67
Q

The Rope Assisted Search Procedure (R.A.S.P) is not required to be utilized in every MAYDAY situation. What are some occupancy types that may require the use of R.A.S.P?

A

Gymnasiums/Auditoriums
Parking Garages
Grocery Stores
Theatres
Big Box Stores/Warehouses
Churches
Bus Barns/Auto Mechanic Shops
Any pre-planned building with confusing/non-traditional layout

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 1

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68
Q

What does R.A.S.P stand for?

A

Rope-Assisted Search Procedure

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 2

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69
Q

Definitions
Retractable Tether

A

Retractable 20’ of 6mm Kevlar over polyester rope, carried in a flame-resistant pouch. The search kit will contain four (4) personal ropes.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 2

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70
Q

Definitions
Primary Search Line

A

200’ of 9.5 Kevlar over polyester rope carried in a square-shaped rope bag. Rings are positioned in the rope at twenty (20) foot intervals. There are also knots to determine the length of rope deployed. Each knot represents 20’ (i.e., 1 knot + ring = 20’, 3 knots + ring + 60’).

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 2

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71
Q

The primary search line will help establish the direction of travel. How?

A

With the knot/ring set-up. When exiting the search area, the knot(s) will come before the ring. When entering, ring before knot(s).

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 2

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72
Q

For the R.A.S.P. the search team will consist of how many members? Who can fill the positions of the search team and utilize the R.A.S.P?

A

five members, Any Truck Company or Rescue Squad

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 2

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73
Q

The position of Officer/Team A has what responsibilities and tools on the Rope Assisted Search Procedure?

A

Tools-Primary Search Line, TIC, Pak-Tracker (During RIT Ops)
Responsibilities-Search team leader, deploys rope and scans area with TIC, maintains contact with crew.

FF Ops Bull 6 pg. 2

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74
Q

The position of Bar/Team A has what responsibilities and tools on the Rope Assisted Search Procedure?

A

Tools-Irons, Retractable Tether, TIC
Responsibilities-Forcible entry, Search off the main line.

FF Ops Bull 6 pg. 2

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75
Q

The position of Hook/Team B has what responsibilities and tools on the Rope Assisted Search Procedure?

A

Tools-Hook/Halligan, Retractable Tether, TIC, RIT Air Pak (During RIT Ops)
Responsibilities-Search FF-search off the main line

FF Ops Bull 6 pg. 2

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76
Q

The position of Tiller/Team B has what responsibilities and tools on the Rope Assisted Search Procedure?

A

Tools-Halligan, Retractable Tether, TIC
Responsibilities-Search FF-Search off the main line

FF Ops Bull 6 pg. 2

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77
Q

The position of Truck Driver/Squad Driver has what responsibilities and tools on the Rope Assisted Search Procedure?

A

Tools-Light(s) and additional equipment as needed
Responsibilities-Place lights at the anchor point entrance, monitor at anchor point, secure additional equipment, and assist as needed.

FF Ops Bull 6 pg. 2

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78
Q

The end of the Primary Search Line will be secured to what?

A

A substantial object outside of the hazard area between knee and waist high (2-3 feet off ground).

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 3

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79
Q

For the Rope Assisted Search Procedure, the team members will fall-in behind the officer. The order should be what?

A
  1. OIC/Team A
  2. Bar/Team A
  3. Hook/Team B
  4. Tillerman/Team B

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 3

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80
Q

On Rope Assisted Search Procedures, the Truck Driver/Squad Driver will place what?

A

Lights on the floor/ground at the anchor point entrance to aide units in the search area with egress.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 3

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81
Q

Once inside the search area with the Rope Assisted Search Procedure, members will scan with the TIC. How many sides will the search be and what will be looked for?

A

six-sided (1-in front, 2 -left side, 3-right side, 4-up, 5-down, and 6-behind) looking for;
1. Search path/building layout
2. Trapped occupants
3. Fire conditions
4. Hazards/Obstacles

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 3

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82
Q

In unusual situations/occupancies on Rope Assisted Search Procedures, where it is determined by the OIC that the retractable tethers may become an entanglement hazard, what will be allowed to happen?

A

The search firefighter may be deployed off of the main line without the retractable tether attached to the main line.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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83
Q

In unusual situations/occupancies on Rope Assisted Search Procedures, where it is determined by the OIC that the retractable tethers may become an entanglement hazard and the search firefighter may be deployed off of the main line without the retractable tether attached to the main line, what must be maintained?

A
  1. Both voice and visual (TIC) contact must be maintained between the search firefighter and the OIC at all times.
  2. Members shall utilize the TIC and maintain voice contact as they advance to the desired area and perform a physical search. Once the physical search of the desired area is complete the search Firefighter will regain physical contact with the main search line and/or OIC.
  3. At the instance where the OIC loses or anticipates losing visual contact with the member that is untethered, the OIC will order the member to immediately stop and return to the primary search line.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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84
Q

Utilizing the R.A.S.P, when the search team make a turn while advancing, what must occur with the search line?

A

It must be secured. This can be accomplished by simply tying a half hitch of clove hitch around an object at he point of the turn. This will aide in keeping the line taught and 2 to 3 feet from the ground.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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85
Q

When utilizing the R.A.S.P., the Officer shall be responsible for CAN reports as needed. The report should include what?

A

Any pertinent information as well as air status and distance from the anchor point. (Ex.: 4 knots= 80 feet from the point)

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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86
Q

Additional search rope bags can be added to the original bag to extend the area of the search. How will this be accomplished?

A

The anchor end of the second bag shall be secured to the carabiner at the terminal end of the first bag, not the bag itself.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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87
Q

When exiting the building after the R.A.S.P., either after the search is terminated, a victim is found, or in an emergency situation, members will stay in contact with the primary search line and exit how?

A

Exit in reverse order from which they entered ( OIC shall be the last member out).

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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88
Q

During the R.A.S.P., if the OIC identifies an alternate closer exit point, what will happen?

A

That exit point may also be used.

FF Ops Bull No. 6 pg. 4

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89
Q

The word “infrared” is derived from the Latin word “Infra” meaning? The higher an object’s temperature what happens?

A

below and red being the color of the longest wavelength of visible light, the more infrared radiated energy is emitted. The TIC can detect this radiated energy and convert it to a picture to be used by the operator without any visible light.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 1

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90
Q

The TIC operates based on an object temperature, the cooler the object’s surface, ____________________; the warmer the surface area, ___________________.

A

the darker the image on the TIC screen; the whiter the image on the TIC screen.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 1

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91
Q

On the TIC, cooler temperatures are ___, warm is ____, and as temperatures increase, images are shown in ____ and ___.

A

BLUE, WHITE, YELLOW, RED

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 1

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92
Q

In order to produce images that better distinguish between objects in the overall temperature range, what will the TIC do?

A

The TIC will automatically operate between what’s called LOW and HIGH sensitivity modes.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 2

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93
Q

The HIGH sensitivity mode on the TIC operates up to approximately ____.

A

300 degrees F

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 2

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94
Q

On the TIC, when temperatures rise above ___ degrees F, the TIC will automatically switch to the ___ sensitivity mode allowing a better image to be produced.

A

300, LOW

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 2

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95
Q

The TIC’s image may freeze on screen at times. This function of the TIC is known as ______ and it is actually the TIC doing what?

A

“shuttering”, refreshing the focal plane in order to operate properly

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 2

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96
Q

Strategic Decision Making (Bullard NXT, MSA 5200, Scott ISG-X380) provides what?

A
  1. Effective for search and rescue, size up, go/no go situations
  2. High resolution
  3. Faster processor speed or refresh rate
  4. Larger screen

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 3

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97
Q

Situational Awareness (Seek Revel Fire Pro) provides what?

A
  1. Can prevent firefighter disorientation and assist with exiting their way out away from a fire.
  2. Lower resolution
  3. Slower processor speed or refresh rate
  4. Smaller screen

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 3

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98
Q

The disadvantages of the TIC is that it does not transmit through ____, the users image will be reflected. Will not transmit through ____.

A

glass, water

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 3, 4

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99
Q

Operators should bear in mind that the TIC will only read what?

A

The temperature of the surface at which it is aimed.

FF/Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 4

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100
Q

What TIS is the only TIC currently in use by the D.C. Fire and EMS Department that is intrinsically safe?

A

The Bullard NXT

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 4

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101
Q

Do not use the TIC in hazardous atmospheres where _____ ______ or _____ may cause an explosion.

A

Static electricity, sparks

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 4

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102
Q

The TIC will focus on an object from __ to _____.

A

3 feet, infinity

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 5

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103
Q

TIC operators should first scan the _____ ____, and end the room scan on the _____.

A

Ceiling area, floor

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 5

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104
Q

Members must always keep in mind that the camera cannot see through objects, and members must _____ ___ ____ ___, __ _____, _____ _______.

A

Physically search under beds, in closets, behind doors

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 6

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105
Q

Lens (SEEK TIC)- The recommended cleaning material for the lens is what?

A

A cotton swab and isopropyl alcohol.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 6

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106
Q

Lens (SEEK TIC)- The recommended cleaning material for the lens is a cotton swab and isopropyl alcohol. Then what?

A
  1. Apply small amount of isopropyl to the cotton swab.
  2. Use the cotton swab to lightly rub the reflective inner lens of the camera until clean.
  3. Lightly pat and dry the lens with a clean cloth and let air dry.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 6

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107
Q

What should not be done to clean the TIC?

A

Do not use window cleaner, harsh chemicals, or cleaning solvents, and never spray anything directly on the screen of the device.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 6

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108
Q

Who repairs a defective thermal imaging camera?

A

The Mask Room and a journal entry made with particulars.

FF Ops Bull No 7 pg. 6

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109
Q

To conserve energy and place the MSA 5200 TIS in standby mode, what must be done?

A
  1. To activate stand-by mode, press the POWER button until the display shuts OFF.
  2. The system status LED begins to FLASH GREEN
  3. To return to normal mode, press the POWER Button. The screen will return and the LED turns to a SOLID GREEN.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 7

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110
Q

Screen indicators. If an L appears in the lower left corner, this informs the user that the unit is what?

A

In the LOW sensitivity mode, which occurs when environmental temperatures are above 320 degrees.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 7

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111
Q

For the MSA 5200 TIC, the On-screen operating Quick Temp spotter and vertical bar gauge span temperatures from __ to ____ in what sensitivity mode and __ to _____ in what sensitivity mode?

A

0 degrees to 300 degrees, High, 0 degrees to 1,000 degrees, Low

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 8

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112
Q

For the MSA 5200 TIC, the over-temp indicator activates when the system electronics reach maximum operating limits. Where is this displayed?

A

This light is in the lower left corner. The light is not lit when the TIC’s operation is normal. The light flashes when the TIC has reached operational thermal limits.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 8

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113
Q

For the MSA 5200 TIC, the battery status indicator is in the lower right corner and consists of what?

A

Three LEDs in a row.
GREEN- indicates full battery power
YELLOW- indicates marginal power left
RED-indicated 15 minutes of battery power left
RED Flashing- indicates battery power shut down, about one minute of power left.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 og, 8

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114
Q

For the MSA 5200 TIC, the optional Heat Seeker Plus adds colors to an object as temperature rises. What does Low sensitivity Mode and High Sensitivity Mode show?

A

Low sensitivity Mode- 275°F YELLOW
297°F RED
High sensitivity Mode- 842°F YELLOW
914°F RED

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 8

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115
Q

Utilizing the Scott ISG X380 TIC, the overheat warning icon should briefly appear on startup, where? What happens if it does not appear?

A

In the middle section of the LCD. If it does not appear, DO NOT use the camera.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 9

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116
Q

Utilizing the Scott ISG X380 TIC, What do each LED indicators indicate?

A

Power on - Cycles from RED to Green to OFF
Battery charging - Flashing Green
Battery charged - Solid GREEN’
Battery failure - Flashing Red and GREEN

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 10

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117
Q

Utilizing the Scott ISG X380 TIC, turning the zoom on:

A
  1. From normal imaging mode, press the Zoom button.
  2. The live image is magnified by a factor of 2.
  3. To operate with X4 Zoom, press the Zoom button again
  4. The live image is magnified by a factor of 4

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 13

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118
Q

The Spot Tracker enables the user to track the hottest or the coldest objects in the scene and measure their temperature. The DTM temperature shall be what?

A

Removed while the Spot Tracker is in use.

FF Ops Bull 7 pg. 13

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119
Q

Utilizing the Bullard NXT TIC, the low sensitivity mode consists of what?

A

A green triangle located in the left upper left of the viewing area.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 16

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120
Q

Utilizing the Bullard NXT TIC, an overheat indicator is a visual warning that flashes which indicates what?

A

To the user that the thermal imager might cease to operate due to internal overheating, as mandated by NFPA 1801 standard.

FF Ops Bull No 7 pg. 16

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121
Q

If the Bullard NXT TIC shows Four GREEN segments displayed for the battery, this indicates what?

A

76%-100% charge

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 17

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122
Q

If the Bullard NXT TIC shows three GREEN segments displayed for the battery, this indicates what?

A

51%-75% charge

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 17

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123
Q

If the Bullard NXT TIC shows two YELLOW segments displayed for the battery, this indicates what?

A

26%-50% charge

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 17

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124
Q

If the Bullard NXT TIC shows one RED segment displayed for the battery, this indicates what?

A

0%-25% charge

FF Ops Bull No 7 pg. 17

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125
Q

If the Bullard NXT TIC has one RED segment flashing what does this indicates?

A

At least 5 minutes of runtime remains

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 17

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126
Q

What mode should the Seek camera be powered off in? Why?

A

Fire operational mode. The Seek Thermal Imaging Camera defaults to the last operational mode when it is powered back on. It is important the SEEK TIC is ready for firefighting upon startup.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 19

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127
Q

The Seek Reveal FirePRO will provide how many hours of scanning with a full charge?

A

4 hours of scanning time.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 19

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128
Q

The Seek Reveal FirePro visually displays a temperature range of up to what?

A

1022 degrees Fahrenheit

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 20

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129
Q

The Seek Reveal FirePro has how many different modes?

A

Three different modes

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 20

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130
Q

The Seek Reveal FirePro has three different modes, what are they?

A

Fire, Survey, and Auto

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 20, 21

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131
Q

In Fire mode, the Seek Reveal FirePro displays what?

A

An image in shades of BLACK and GRAY which may turn bright ORANGE/RED when areas of extreme heat are present. This mode is specifically designed for location HOTSPOTS in fire during 360 size-ups and overhaul.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 20

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132
Q

In Survey mode, the Seek Reveal FirePro displays what?

A

This mode has a monochromatic filter of different shades of BLUE which turn WHITE around warmer areas. This mode is optimal for helping locate downed firefighters or victims during search and rescue.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 21

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133
Q

In Auto mode, the Seek Reveal FirePro displays what?

A

This mode highlights areas of heat in RED with colorful borders as the temperature decreases. This is the TIC’s demonstration mode and is best suited for classroom use.

FF Ops Bull No. 7 pg. 21

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134
Q

In a hybrid vehicle if the “_____” light on the dash is illuminated, then there is a possibility that the converter will supply power to the high-voltage control module and high-voltage power will still be running through the _____ ____ is shut down. This makes it mandatory to do what?

A

Ready, orange cables, to check the ready light on the dash to ensure that the high voltage is shut down.

FF Ops Bull No. 8 pg. 1

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135
Q

Almost all new Hybrid vehicles are equipped with the “Smart Key” system where the key does not need to be in the ignition, only within 10-15 feet of the vehicle to energize all systems. This means what?

A

The vehicle may be fully energized without the key in the ignition.

FF Ops Bull No. 8 pg. 1

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136
Q

The ensure the safety of all emergency workers at the scene of a hybrid accident, the following procedures should be performed on all vehicles:

A
  1. Turn off ignition and remove key from vehicle.
  2. Turn ON emergency flashers.
  3. Disconnect or cut 12-volt battery cables.
  4. Verify electrical system shut-down

FF Ops Bull No. 8 pg. 1, 2

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137
Q

How to verify electrical systems are shut down on a hybrid vehicle?

A

Check the dash for lights and make sure that the emergency flashers go out. Some vehicles are equipped with a second power source such as a second battery.

FF Ops Bull No. 8 pg. 2

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138
Q

A fire watch is a short-term, emergency measure to provide what?

A

An acceptable level of life safety in an unsafe or hazardous condition(s) existing in a building(s) or structure(s).

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 1

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139
Q

The purpose of the fire watch is to check what?

A

ALL areas of the building on a regular basis to detect fire/life safety emergencies and provide prompt notification to 911 along with the building occupants of the appropriate actions to be taken.

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 1

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140
Q

What are some examples of when a fire watch will be required by the DC Fire and EMS Department, Office of the Fire Marshal include, but are not limited to:

A
  1. System outages for maintenance (four hours or longer), significant impairment of, or out-of-service alarm system.
  2. Outages for maintenance (four hours or longer), significant impairment of, or out of service of service alarm system.
  3. Blocked or locked means of egress and/or exit.
  4. When hazardous or dangerous conditions create an immediate life safety hazard. (This condition shall require notification to 911).

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 1

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141
Q

After normal business hours, the __ __ ____ _____ _____ _____ _______ is the designated Fire Marshal representative.

A

On-duty fire investigations unit platoon commander

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg 2

142
Q

For a fire watch, the Fire Marshal’s representative will notify the Fire Marshal and or Assistant Fire Marshal and Operations Deputy Fire Chief of all relevant information such as?

A

Address, number of residents, construction type, nature of problem, and anticipated duration will be included in the notification.

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 2

143
Q

When a fire watch is requested, a journal entry shall be recorded at FIU and a special report detailing all relevant information shall be submitted to whom within what time frame?

A

The Fire Marshal, within 24 hours

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 2

144
Q

If a fire watch cannot be implemented within ___ ____ (__ _____) or the problem mitigated, it will be the responsibility of the Fire Marshal’s Office representative to remain on the scene and institute a call back for Fire Prevention personnel toninstitue a fire watch.

A

One hour (60 minutes)

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 2

145
Q

It is the owner’s responsibility to request the “fire watch” be discontinued once the what?

A

fire protection system has been fully restored or the hazardous situation has been abated.

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 2

146
Q

If the owner has received a “Notice of Violation”, a ________ must be requested through the ____ __ __ ___ ____. The fire watch shall ____ be discontinued until the fire department provides _____ _______ to stop or discontinue it.

A

re-inspection, Office of the Fire Marshal, “not”, written authorization

FF Ops Bull No. 9 pg. 2

147
Q

The DC Fire and EMS Department, Office of the Fire Marshal recognizes ____ __, ____, ____, __ ______ __ __________ ____ ____ _______, and does not consider the testing and maintenance of fire protection systems to be an “outage” if the system is restored within ___ ____.

A

NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, four (4) hours.

FF Ops Bull No 9 pg. 2

148
Q

Emergencies involving electrical utility service shall be classified according to the degree of hazard.

A

Priority One: Life-Threatening
Priority Two: Prohibits Resolution and Could Escalate If Not Controlled
Priority Three: Investigations

FF Ops Bull No 10 pg. 1, 2

149
Q

On electrical emergencies, Priority One incidents would include anything considered life-threatening, to inlcude:

A
  • Any vehicle accident in which a rescue cannot be safely initiated because of downed power line
  • Any electrical problem that has the potential to be life-threatening
  • Any structure fire that has an electrical problem that prohibits a rescue of fire suppression and cannot be controlled by shutting off the structure’s main electrical switch to interrupt electric service.

FF Ops Bull NO. 10 pg. 1

150
Q

On electrical emergencies, avoid entry into manholes and substations until an authorized representative is on-scene. Electrical equipment involved in fires is usually what?

A

Damaged beyond repair and will need to be replaced. Let it burn. Protect exposures and wait for authorized personnel to assist you.

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 1

151
Q

Under extreme electrical emergencies, when life-threatening conditions exist, a _____ ______ is recommended when fire suppression activities are in the vicinity of electrical equipment.

A

fog pattern

FF Ops Bull No 10 pg. 1

152
Q

On electrical emergencies, Priority Two incidents include what?

A
  • Any electrical problem in a structure that prohibits “fire overhaul” because the main electrical switch cannot be controlled to interrupt power to that location.
  • Any vehicle accident that has a downed power line or power pole, but does not hinder rescue or emergency care

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 1

153
Q

On electrical emergencies, Priority Three incidents include what?d

A

Power outages because of blown fuses, tripped transformers, tree limbs on wires, or loose guy wire.

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 1

154
Q

Always assume downed lines are _____

A

energized

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 2

155
Q

When companies of the Department respond to location when electrical wires are down or arcing, the ___ ___ _____ _____ shall be notified immediately of the conditions found.

A

Office of Unified Communications

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 2

156
Q

On electrical emergencies, if the wire is found already down upon arrival and no fire has resulted or is likely to result, companies may do what?

A

May report in service, provided a member of the Police Department is at the scene to warn persons of the danger.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 2

157
Q

On electrical emergencies when a wire is arcing along its length or in the trees, there is a possibility that the wire may fall and ignite a building or other object. If such a conditional exists what must happen?

A

At least one (1) engine company shall remain at the scene until the arrival of a responsible repair crew.

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 2

158
Q

Units investigating electrical emergencies are to be mindful of the information that will assist Pepco, sure as what?

A
  • The 10-digit number assigned to the pole closest to the equipment involved or house meter number.
  • Street address and development, including cross streets,, intersections, roads, or landmarks
  • Law enforcement assistance for response through traffic.
  • Established perimeter
  • Any necessary evacuations

FF Ops Bull No. 10 pg. 2

159
Q

Definitions
Water Supply Engine (WSE)

A

An engine with a supply of LDH hose staffed with a minimum of a Driver.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 1

160
Q

Definitions
Water Supply Engine Company (WSEC)

A

A WSE in tandem with shared house Engine Company (E-54 & E-11)

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 1

161
Q

Definitions
Water Supply Task Force

A

(3) Water Supply Engine Companies and a Battalion Fire Chief

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 1

162
Q

Water Supply Engines are assigned to each Battalion at what following locations?

A
  • Engine 51-assigned to Engine 12 (1st Battalion)
  • Engine 52-assigned to Engine 3 (2nd Battalion)
  • Engine 53-assigned to Engine 19 (3rd Battalion)
  • Engine 54-assigned to Engine 11 (4th Battalion)
  • Engine 55-assigned to Engine 21 (5th Battalion)
  • Engine 56-assigned to Engine 16 (6th Battalion)

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 1

163
Q

If extra personnel are available, the Water Supply Engines (WSE) may be staffed as driver only or fully staffed depending on the needs of the Department. Water Supply Engines (WSE) with no assigned staff will operate how?

A

As a two-piece Engine Company in cooperation with the Engine Company in that station.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 1

164
Q

In the event that the Water Supply Engine is partially or fully staffed, the Water Supply Engine will respond to the scene as the Water Supply Engine. When receiving an alarm and while responding, the Water Supply Engines will do what?

A

Advise the IC requesting the WSC requesting the WSEC of their staffing level, such as driver only or fully staffed.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 2

165
Q

The Water Supply Engine Companies will be staffed at the discretion of who?

A

Deputy Fire Chief - Operations

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 2

166
Q

Battalion Water Supply Engine (WSE) when staffed and in service will be dispatched as follows:

A
  • on all Box Alarms in the specific geographical Battalion.
  • pre-planned locations; and
  • areas with a known low water supply.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 2

167
Q

In Areas noted to have low water pressure and/or preplanned: When the Engine Company is NOT assigned to the original Box Alarm, what will happen?

A

The Engine Company will respond with the WSE and serve and serve as two piece Water Supply Engine Company (WSEC) responsible for the incident’s water supply.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 2

168
Q

Area with no known water pressure problems: The Engine will not respond with the WSE. For example, a box Alarm is dispatched in the 4th Battalion and E-11 is not assigned to the Box, there is no known Water Supply problem in the area, no pre-planned locations, how will the unit be staffed?

A

E-54 WSE (staffed) will respond alone on the initial Box assignment.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 2

169
Q

Areas with no known water pressure problems: The Engine will ____ respond with the WSE.

A

not

FF/Ops Bull No 11 pg. 2

170
Q

The Water Supply Task Force will be dispatched on all ___ ___ incidents or when specifically requested by the Incident Commander. This Task Force will be made up of the closets __ Water Supply Engines and a ___.

A

2nd Alarm, 3, BFC

FF/Ops Bull No 11 pg. 3

171
Q

WSE will verbally acknowledge to the Task Force Leader(this is always dispatched as Task Force initially - the IC may designate whom?

A

A Logistics Section Chief later if required or desired under the ICS.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 3

172
Q

Radio Channel ____ will be the designated channel for the Water Supply Task Force.

A

A-13

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 3

173
Q

The Task Force Leader will communicate with Operations on the Fire Ground Tactical Channel (or the Logistic Chief will communicate with the IC) to ensure what?

A

The needs of the incident are completed when it concerns Water Supply.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 3

174
Q

The WSE, WSEC, and/or the Task Force Leader will respond on the Box Alarm: Status I-mobile and acknowledge to the IC on the Tactical channel that the WSE or WSEC is Responding;

A
  • WSC Driver; “Water Supply Engine 54 to BFC 4, responding with one person” (or driver only)
  • The Engine OIC; “Engine 11 to BFC4 responding with Water Supply Engine 54 as the Water Supply Company”
  • Water Supply Task Force Companies will acknowledge the Task Force Leader (BFC) on A-13
  • Any WSC on the initial assignment will stay alert for the WS Task Force being assigned and then operate on 0A-13

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 3

175
Q

When the WSE, WSEC, and/or the Task Force Leader arrive on the scene what will the units do?

A

Status I-mobile (arrived) and stage 2 blocks away to allow access to the 3rd and 4th due Engine Company’s position, or the Engines on the outskirts of the incident. Doing so will allow greater flexibility to supply the incident while a the same time not becoming trapped within the incident.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 4

176
Q

When arriving on scene, while in staging the Water Supply Task Force should accomplish what?

A
  1. Identify a water source ideally greater than 1,500 gpm in the area.
  2. In identifying a water source, obtain the closet high flow hydrant connection (select those greater than 1,000 gpm, yellow or blue marked hydrant) and note the distance, ideally within 1,00 ft or roughly 2 city blocks but not more than the hose bed capacity (1,500 ft).

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 4

177
Q

When an Incident is declared a WF by the IC
The WSE, WSEC, or WS Task Force will move to the position of the 3rd or 4th due Engine (or closest Engine on the outer perimeter of the incident) and do what?

A

Position to reverse lay from the fireground to the selected water supply that was pre-selected while in staging.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 4

178
Q

When an Incident is declared a WF by the IC
If the layout of the 5” LDH is over 1,500 ft, the WSC will do what?

A

Request an additional (WSE, WSEC) to assist in completing the layout.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 4

179
Q

Engines with 3” hose should only be used for completing layouts of a ___ _____, this will impact the amount of water that can be delivered.

A

short distance

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 4

180
Q

On the WSE or WSEC, hooking up to the hydrant; when positioning apparatus what will be utilized?

A

Utilize the right side Steamer intake with LDH connected to the steamer connection on the hydrant, and the front and rear intakes of the apparatus connected to the 2 1/2” hydrant connections, utilizing in-line gate valves and LDH.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 5

181
Q

A Heavy Hook Up will allow for what?

A

The full potential of the hydrant to be used by allowing a direct path for the water to enter the pump on the right side steamer connection.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 5

182
Q

On a Heavy Hook Up, after connecting to the hydrant, complete the connection of the LDH to the LDH on which side?

A

Discharge on the Right side pump panel. Avoid connecting any LDH to the pump panel. Avoid connecting any LDH to the pump panel (left side) for safety concerns.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 5

183
Q

Once connected to the hydrant, open the hydrant and not the ____ ____. What will this be used for?

A

Static pressure. You will use this once you have determined the flow in the LDH is calculating the hydrant capacity.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 5

184
Q

The operator of the “Portable Hydrant” should bleed air from the LDH prior to sending water from the portable hydrant, this is done by what?

A

cracking one of the 2-1/2” openings.

FF Ops Bull No 11 pg. 5

185
Q

After a constant flow on the fire ground is established, the residual pressure on the intake gauge will be noted to calculate the hydrant capacity. Note the drop from the static pressure and calculate the percentage drop.

A

Less than 10% you will have 3 times the current flow available at that hydrant.
11% to 15 % you will have 2 times the current flow available.
16% to 25% you will have 1 times the current flow available.
Greater than 25% an amount less than the current flow is available.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 5

186
Q

On incidents when the Water Supply (WSE) is utilized, The WSE Driver will remail at the pump panel, monitor the pumps and observe the following for changes and make corrections if needed?

A
  • Intake pressure- Maintain no less than 20 psi (anything less than 20 psi may cause damage to the water mains).
  • Discharge pressure- Calculate to allow 20 psi at the portable hydrant, plus friction loss and elevation differences. If relaying water, figure 20 psi at the next pump to the WS relay.
  • Maintain Flow- Ensure a constant flow is maintained in the relay to prevent pump damage and the overheating of the pumps in the relay.

FF Ops Bull No. 11 pg. 6

187
Q

In 2013, the DC Department of Transportation commissioned the 11th Street Bridge Project (Interstate I-695). The construction project replaced what?

A

4 bridge spans with 6 bridge spans

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 1

188
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe location of S-1

A

Is the bridge possessing the local lanes for Capitol Hill/Anacostia from N Street, SE to Good Hope Rd., S.E.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 2

189
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe location of S-2

A

Is the bridge possessing lanes from the NB SE/SW Freeway to NB/SB I-295 Freeway.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg/ 2

190
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe location of S-3

A

Is the bridge possessing lanes from SB DC-295 and NB I-295 to SE/SW Freeway

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 2

191
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe location of S-4

A

Is the bridge possessing lanes (southbound DC-295) from Pennsylvania Ave. to southbound I-295.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 2

192
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe location of S-18

A

Is the elevated roadway area possessing the Inbound lanes of I-695 directly over 11the Street between Potomac Ave and K St. SE.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 2

193
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe location of S-20

A

Is the elevated roadway possessing Outbound lanes of I-695 directly over 11th St. between Potomac Ave and K St. SE

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 2

194
Q

For an incident on the 11th St. Bridge, each Engine Company receiving a water supply will hook up what?

A

two (2) three-inch (3”) supply lines to the intake side and open each standpipe valve fully.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 3

195
Q

For an incident on the 11th St. Bridge, the S-1 bridge span is located where, and what are the connections for the Fire Boat?

A

On the west end of the bridge, along the Anacostia River, has 1 (one) 5” storz connection supplying 4 (four) standpipe connections.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 3

196
Q

For an incident on the 11th St. Bridge, the S-2 bridge span is located where, and what are the connections for the Fire Boat?

A

Under the 11th St. bridge underneath the outbound lane, has 1 (one) 5” storz connection supplying 6 (six) standpipe connections.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 3

197
Q

For an incident on the 11th St. Bridge, the S-3 bridge span is located where, and what are the connections for the Fire Boat?

A

On the east end of the bridge, along the Anacostia River, has 1 (one) 5” storz connection supplying 3 (three) standpipe connections.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 3

198
Q

The Fire Boat will charge the necessary standpipe at ___ until the standpipe is full and pumped gauges stabilize. Engine Companies can request additional pressure for a maximum of ____

A

60 psi, 150 psi

FF Ops Bull No 12 pg. 4

199
Q

On the 11th St. Bridge, the S-4 bridge Siamese connection is located at the entrance to Anacostia Park, on Good Hope Rd. SE, across the driveway to the US Park Police Hangers (Eagles Nest). An Engine company will do what to layout?

A

Have to reverse lay dual three-inch (3”) lines from the Siamese to the hydrant, approximately 550’ away.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 6

200
Q

Due to weather conditions in the District of Columbia, the 11th Street Bridge standpipe is what?

A

Designed as a dry system

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg 8

201
Q

If any standpipe on the 11 Street Bridge is charged, the Command Official will notify whom.

A

The District Department of Transportation, DDOT, through HSEMA, to respond to drain the charged standpipe system.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 8

202
Q

Because of the complexity of the 11th Street Bridge standpipe system, _____ _____ will have to open all associated drains with a charged standpipe. Why?

A

DDOT personnel, Due to cold weather conditions all water must be exhausted using all accompanying drains to eliminate damage to the standpipes.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 9

203
Q

11th Street Bridge standpipe system. During training, testing or operating during an emergency, if personnel identify damage or missing component parts to a standpipe(s) they are to notify ____ to notify ____ to respond as to repair the system.

A

HSEMA, DDOT

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 9

204
Q

11th Street bridge standpipe system. ____ will maintain the standpipe systems, pipe, valves, and fittings shall be inspected, tested, and maintained per what?

A

DDOT, NFPA 25: Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 10

205
Q

On the 11th Street Bridge, consideration should be made to modify the alaram assignment to add whom?

A

A Fire Boat(s) and BFC on an alarm assignment for a major crash, fire, or Hazmat incident.

FF Ops Bull No. 12 pg. 10

206
Q

What Military Fire and EMS assets are within the District of Columbia?

A

Naval District of Washington and Fort Lesley J. McNair - U.S Army

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

207
Q

The Naval District of Washington Fire Department (NDW) shall manage all responses for fire, emergency medical service, and hazardous materials located where?

A

In the Washington Navy Yard, Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, and the Naval Research Laboratory.

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

208
Q

Calls for service in the Washington Navy Yard, Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, and the Naval Research Laboratory that are received by the District of Columbia Office of Unified Communications (OUC) are rerouted to who?

A

To NDW communications for processing and dispatch.

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

209
Q

In the event that an incident requires resources beyond that of the NDW Fire Department, what will happen?

A

Mutual aid is requested through the OUC

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

210
Q

Emergency response at Fort Lesley J. McNair shall be supported by resources from where?

A

From Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall and the District of Columbia Fire and EMS Department.

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

211
Q

Calls for service at Fort Lesley J. McNair shall be processed and dispatched through the OUC. D.C. Fire and EMS Units shall be dispatched and respond to Fort McNair utilizing what?

A

Department Standard Operating Guidelines and be supported by Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall resources on base at Fort Lesley J. McNair.

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

212
Q

Which units staff Fort Lesley J. McNair?

A

Battalion Fire Chief 46 and Engine 46 are staffed at Fort Lesley J. McNair 24 hours/day.

FF Ops Bull No. 14 pg. 1

213
Q

The Department has maintained at least one aerial tower for the purpose of what?

A

Rescue ability, elevated master stream capabilities, use during technical rescue incidents, and other functions.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 1

214
Q

General Specifications for the Tower Ladder
Aerial Boom

A

95-foot aerial boom (94 feet @ 75 degrees can make the 8th/9th floor). The Aerial boom can go from nine (9) degrees below grade to 75 degrees.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 1

215
Q

General Specifications for the Tower Ladder
Platform

A

The platform is rated at 1000 pounds, at any angle or extension, even while flowing water at maximum capacity.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 1

216
Q

General Specifications for the Tower Ladder
Single Anchor/lifting point

A

Single anchor/lifting point at the base section of the aerial boom. This anchor/lifting point is rated for 5000 pounds with the boom fully retracted.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 1

217
Q

General Specifications for the Tower Ladder
Two (2) anchor/lifting points

A

Two (2) anchor/lifting points underneath of the platform rated at 500 pounds each for a total of 1000 pounds

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 1

218
Q

General Specifications for the Tower Ladder can flow how much water?

A

Capable of flowing 1000 GPM with a full 1000-pound bucket load.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 1

219
Q

When conditions indicate defensive operations, or during any significant fires involving a commercial building or rooftop, the IC should consider what?

A

Requesting Tower 3 along with or prior to the Working Fire Dispatch.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 2

220
Q

The Tower Ladder shall always be positioned outside of what?

A

The collapse zone to prevent damage and injury from falling debris or collapsing buildings.

FF Ops No. 15 pg. 2

221
Q

It should be noted that when the Tower Ladder takes a position other than in the rear when responding as 2nd due Truck, the assigned crew will still do what?

A

Be responsible for ladders, forcible entry, and other 2nd due responsibilities, on the Charlie side of the building, unless otherwise ordered.

FF Ops No. 15 pg. 2

222
Q

The Tower Ladder can be used in Rescue and Removal Procedures such as what?

A

High Angle Rescues-Fabricated brackets with platform mounts to hold Stokes Basket; Collapse-Aerial Recon for unstable areas and evaluation of buildings from the safety of a platform; and Elevated Walkways, Roadways, and Bridges-Assist with egress to elevated structures.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 3

223
Q

Tower Ladder 3 is beneficial on any elevated Metro or railroad incident. Why?

A

The platform offers opportunity for rapid passenger evacuation and victim removal. Incapacitated victims can be removed via the platform or the Stokes Basket.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 4

224
Q

The platform monitor on Ladder Tower 3 normally has a 1 1/2-inch tip in place. Tower Ladder 3 has the capability of increasing to what?

A

Up to a 2-inch tip if necessary

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 4

225
Q

When supplying Tower Ladder 3, water shall supplied through what?

A

One (1) 5-inch supply line when possible. Tower Ladder 3 carries 150 feet of a 5-inch supply line.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 4

226
Q

If the use of a 5-inch supply line is not possible, Tower Ladder 3 shall be supplied how?

A

By a minimum of three 3-inch supply lines. The Engine Company supplying Tower Ladder 3 shall provide 150 PSI at the inlet.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 4

227
Q

With adequate water supply, Tower Ladder 3 is capable of flowing how many GPMs?

A

1250 GPMs

FF Op Bull No. 15 og. 5

228
Q

Is Tower Ladder 3 capable of providing continuous water flow while moving the aerial?

A

Yes

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 5

229
Q

Definition
Tower Ladder

A

An aerial apparatus with a telescoping boom, escape ladder, and elevated platform.

FF Ops Bull No. 15 pg. 5

230
Q

All firefighters that have been exposed to the toxic byproducts produced from lithium-ion batteries shall go through what?

A

Post fire decontamination immediately after exiting the IDLH environment and prior to removing their SCBA from service.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 1

231
Q

If you detect leaking fluids, sparks, smoke, flames, increased temperature, gurgling or bubbling sounds from the high voltage (HV) battery compartment, assume what?

A

There is a battery fire and ventilate the passenger area (i.e., roll down windows, or open doors). Remove occupants as quickly as possible.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 1

232
Q

For Electric Vehicles (EV) place vehicle in Park, set parking brake, turn off the vehicle, and move vehicle keys (key fob) where, and then do what?

A

At least 16 feet away from the vehicle. Chock the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 2

233
Q

If there is a fire and occupants are still inside the EV or are trapped, what should be done?

A

Use a fire extinguisher to protect the occupants until a hose line is available or until the occupants are removed.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 2

234
Q

On fires involving EV, Company Officers shall utilize a ____ _____ ____ after the fire has been knocked down to determine what?

A

thermal imaging camera, if the battery is cooling down or getting hotter. If the battery continues to heat up, it indicates the fire is still active.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 2

235
Q

Even a minor lithium-ion battery fire could take up to _____ _____ of water to extinguish and routinely will need approximately ____ ______ of water and may take several hours to extinguish. Why?

A

20,000 gallons, 2,600 gallons, This is mainly due to the fact that lithium-ion batteries are independently sealed, and it is very difficult to get water into the battery to extinguish the fire.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 2

236
Q

What has been shown to be an effective extinguishing agent for fires involving a lithium-ion battery?

A

Foam

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 2

237
Q

For EV fires inside structures, the Hazardous Material Unit carries what?

A

two Bridgehill Car Fire Blankets

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

238
Q

The Bridgehill Car Fire Blankets will allow what?

A

The vehicle fire to be isolated until cooling operations can be established.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

239
Q

The specifications of the Bridgehill Car Fire Blankets are what?

A

Is 6 x 8-meter quartz fabric combined with a heat coating that can withstand temperatures of 1500*C for 48 hours.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

240
Q

How is the Bridgehill blanket deployed?

A

Can be deployed with two firefighters and reused up to 30 times.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

241
Q

For conventional car fires, how long should the Bridgehill Car Fire Blanket be kept on?

A

For at least 20 minutes

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

242
Q

For EV car fires, if strong “fuzz sounds” can be heard about every 2-15 seconds, what is occurring and how long should the Bridgehill Car Fire Blanket be kept in place?

A

Thermal runaway is taking place, leave the fire blanket on until the sound stops.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

243
Q

All electric vehicles must be towed on what?

A

A roll-back truck to minimize the possibility or reignition

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

244
Q

An EV that has had a lithium-ion battery involved fire shall not be towed until what?

A

Ensure that no fire, smoke, audible popping/hissing, or heating is present in the high-voltage battery for at least 45 minutes.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

245
Q

EVs should be kept at least __ ___ from any combustible materials when stored post-fire.

A

50 feet

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

246
Q

Definitions
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

A

A vehicle that utilizes high-voltage lithium-ion batteries as a sole power source. Battery capacities are usually 300 to 400 volts with 800-volt capacities currently being introduced to the market.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 3

247
Q

Definitions
Thermal Runaway

A

A chemical process that produces heat. The heat increases the rate of the reaction which escalates the process. The originating cause of thermal runaway is generally short-circuiting inside of a battery cell resulting in an increase of the cell’s internal temperature.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 4

248
Q

What is the most frequent cause of EV fire that were not involved in a collision?

A

thermal runaway

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 4

249
Q

Definitions
Stranded Energy

A

Energy that remains in undamaged battery module and cells of a damaged high-voltage battery with no path to discharge the stored energy.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 4

250
Q

What is the most frequent cause of reignition of a high-voltage battery fire that has been extinguished?

A

Stranded Energy

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 4

251
Q

Stranded energy can cause multiple reignitions in a high-voltage battery for up to how long? If a lithium-ion battery is damaged what is a safe way to discharge stranded energy?

A

Up to one week following an initial EV fire involving the lithium-ion battery. There may be no safe way to discharge stranded energy.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 4

252
Q

The more ions an electrode can absorb and release in relation to its size and weight-known as capacity-the more energy it can store. Capacity is measured in what?

A

kilowatt-hours (kWh)-meaning the amount of electricity a battery can deliver or absorb over the course of 1 hour.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 5

253
Q

The voltage of a battery (expressed in volts) is its potential to do what?

A

produce an electric current-that is, to push electrons around a closed circuit.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 5

254
Q

The lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles are described as high-voltage because they have a potential of ____ to _____ volts or more, with ____ volt electric vehicles planned or already on the market.

A

300, 400, 800

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 5

255
Q

The lead-acid car battery, which supplies power to start an internal combustion engine and to run a vehicle’s auxiliary electrical systems, has just __ ____.

A

12 volts

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 5

256
Q

Fires in electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries pose two main dangers to emergency responders. What are they?

A

First is the risk of electric shock from exposure to high-voltage connections in a damaged battery. Second, is the risk that damaged cells in the battery will experience uncontrolled increases in temperature and pressure, known as thermal runaway, which can lead to venting and combustion of toxic gases, cell rupture, release of projectiles, and battery reignition/fire.

FF Ops Bull No. 16 pg. 6

257
Q

During the months of ______ ___ _______ each year, all public and private fire hydrants in the District of Columbia will be inspected by D.C. Fire and EMS.

A

March through December

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 1

258
Q

All Out of Service hydrants shall be immediately reported to whom?

A

D.C. Water electronically and by phone at 202-612-3400

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 1

259
Q

The D.C. Fire and EMS Department fire hydrant inspection program will be managed by whom?

A

The Hydrant Inspection Program Manager

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 2

260
Q

Hydrant inspections will begin at what time? In general, Engine Companies will inspect all fire hydrants (public and private) in their respective local alarm districts on consecutive days until ___ fire hydrants in that local alarm district have been inspected.

A

0800 hours, all

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 2

261
Q

In general, it will take __-___ __- to complete the inspection of all fire hydrants in a local alarm district depending on the number of hydrants.

A

5-10 days

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 2

262
Q

The inspection of privately owned hydrants at secure locations and large private areas, such as college campuses, federal installations, etc. will take place how?

A

The program manager will liaise with the appropriate representatives of said agencies.

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 2

263
Q

To ensure hydrant testing policies and procedures are consistently adhered to, what will take place?

A

Three Sergeants from each platoon in the Operations Division will be trained in fire hydrant inspection procedures.

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 2

264
Q

Additional equipment that will be assigned to Engine Companies during the hydrant inspection period include what?

A

two 4-pound sledgehammers, a 2.5-inch and a 4-inch diffuser, and a compliment of OOS rings.

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 3

265
Q

Who will help troubleshoot problems with the mobile electronic devices as well as provide assistance with locations of new hydrants, hydrants missed during an inspection, etc.?

A

D.C. Water IT

FF Ops Bull No. 17 pg. 3

266
Q

What does ESS stand for?

A

Energy Storage Systems

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 1

267
Q

What does BESS stand for?

A

Battery Energy Storage Systems

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 1

268
Q

Members shall immediately place SCBA and full structural firefighting PPE in service upon arrival of a suspected battery fire. Why?

A

Lithium metal, lead acid, and lithium-ion batteries release extremely toxic and flammable gases during fire/explosion and can do so without warning.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 1

269
Q

What can cause lithium-ion battery rupture?

A

External physical abuse, temperature extremes, overcharging or use of an improper charging cord, or when batteries dry after water exposure.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 1

270
Q

If Command determines or suspects that a lithium-ion battery is involved in a fire, what will be done?

A

The Hazardous Materials Unit shall be requested, and the Fire Operations Center shall notify the Battalion Fire Chief-Special Operations

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 2

271
Q

Fires involving portable/mobile lithium-ion batteries can also be extinguished by doing what?

A

Fully submerging the batteries in water or in a fireproof container. A metal trash can, salvage bucket, bathtub, or deep sink can be used for this purpose.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 2

272
Q

During a lithium-ion battery fire, the high temperatures can cause the battery cells to rupture or explode, releasing toxic gases, including which ones?

A

Hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HC1), and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 2

273
Q

________ _________ shall be established utilizing a 4-gas Qrae3 meter (carried by whom) as a minimum on all suspected ESS and BESS fires including battery fires occurring outside.

A

Atmospheric monitoring, all truck companies and BFCs

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 2

274
Q

What is preferable to monitor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and who carries them?

A

A 6-gas meter, carried by Rescue Squads and Hazmat Unit

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 2

275
Q

When lithium-ion batteries are involved in a fire, found within a fire area, or are subjected to elevated temperatures, what shall occur?

A

They shall be removed from the area where members are operating. When practical, this should be done before overhaul operations.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 2

276
Q

Members should move the lithium-ion batteries by using what?

A

A non-conductive tool, a shovel with a wooden handle, or another method that doesn’t require members to carry it in their hands.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

277
Q

What shall be used to contain and transport abused lithium-ion batteries?

A

An overpack container

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

278
Q

If an overpack drum must be sent down from an upper-floor high-rise, how shall it be down?

A

It shall be done with an unmanned elevator and using the firefighter control mode.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

279
Q

A charged hose line shall remain in place, with members in full PPE and in use SCBA, until all batteries have been what?

A

overpacked and the Hazmat Unit has completed mitigation procedures

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

280
Q

After mitigation and when applicable, the Hazardous Material Unit will notify whom for the need to dispose of Hazardous Material.

A

HSEMA through the Fire Operations Center. HSEMA will coordinate disposal with the appropriate agency or contractor.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

281
Q

If FIU is not available, the HMU will do what with the overpack and its contents?

A

The HMU will maintain the chain of custody of the overpack and contents until a Fire Investigator is on the scene.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

282
Q

If FIU is not available, the HMU will maintain the chain of custody of the overpack and contents until a Fire Investigator is on the scene. Consideration should be made for pictures to be taken for the Fire Investigator prior to what?

A

Prior to the lithium-ion battery removal

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 3

283
Q

Member shall remain on SCBA and in full PPE while operating at a BESS fire. Why?

A

Off-gassing due to thermal runaway produces toxic flammable fumes.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

284
Q

If there is no life safety concern in a BESS fire, the risk assessment may determine what?

A

That non-intervention is the best course of action. In general, cabinets and containers are designed to contain fire and ventilate themselves from the top. Fire department personnel should refrain from opening doors or cabinet panels

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

285
Q

Entry into standalone structures, exterior containers, or contained electric rooms for a BESS fire will be permitted by whom?

A

From Command after a risk assessment

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

286
Q

In general, BESS fires that are standalone structures, exterior containers, or contained electric rooms shall be fought how? Why?

A

From the exterior in a defensive position. In addition to the electrical hazard, the gas released due to thermal runaway can create an explosive environment

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

287
Q

When it is identified that a fire incident involves a BESS, which additional units shall be requested?

A

The Hazardous Materials Unit, an additional box alarm, and Pepco (electric utility company).

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

288
Q

If it is determined that a BESS fire is occurring within an enclosed unventilated standalone structure or compartment, an exclusionary zone should be established, what size?

A

A minimum of 50 feet in all directions

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

289
Q

If it is determined that a BESS fire is occurring within an enclosed unventilated standalone structure or compartment, an exclusionary zone should be established to a minimum of 50 feet in all directions. This exclusionary zone should be increased to what if what?

A

100’ around system exterior openings such as ventilation openings, vent shafts, and windows

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

290
Q

On BESS fires, a complete size-up will be conducted to include what?

A

Any signage, identification of fire suppression systems, identification of the battery type, and identification of any emergency power disconnects or shutdowns.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

291
Q

On a EBSS, if heat, smoke, or fire is evident, and it is safe to do so, activate and connect to what?

A

The emergency power disconnect or shut down (ESTOP) and if applicable connect to and supply the fire suppression system (FDC).

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 4

292
Q

FDCs should be charged to what pressure?

A

Placarded pressure

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 5

293
Q

For a fire involving Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), if Command directs the application of water what will be used?

A

A 10-degree fog pattern or greater will be used. Avoid operating in pooling water.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 5

294
Q

Mitigation of a BESS fire in a standalone structure, exterior container, or contained electric room, after 12 hours of no smoke or fire, what will be used and why?

A

A thermal imager should be utilized to identify if additional mitigation is needed.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 5

295
Q

For a fire involving Commercial BESS, shall overhaul be conducted on these types of incidents?

A

Overhaul shall not be conducted on these types of BESS incidents.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 5

296
Q

On a BESS fire in a residential or light commercial building, these systems pose an electrocution risk to firefighters if what occurs?

A

If the outer enclosure, battery module enclosures, and/or safety circuits have been compromised or have significant damage.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 6

297
Q

On a BESS fire in a residential or light commercial building, Command shall take what initial actions?

A

The Hazardous Materials Unit shall be requested, consider requesting additional resources to include a Box Alarm and Pepco (electric utility company).

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 6

298
Q

On a BESS fire in a residential or light commercial building, power disconnect should include what?

A

Turning off breakers, activating an emergency stop, and if safe to do so and applicable, turning off breakers for individual units.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 6

299
Q

How should members approach and apply water to a BESS?

A

From the sides of the BESS and at a distance of 15 feet utilizing a 10-degree fog or greater.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 7

300
Q

In general, will overhaul be conducted in BESS when it has been involved in a fire?

A

Overhaul shall not be conducted on a BESS when it has been involved in a fire.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 7

301
Q

Once all power is controlled to a BESS, it may still take up to __ ___ or longer for the BESS to cool after full consumption by a thermal runaway

A

24 hours

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 7

302
Q

After a fire on a BESS and after __ ____ of no smoke or fire, what should be utilized?

A

A thermal imager should be utilized to identify additional mitigation needs

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 7

303
Q

For Bull No 18 what does ESS refer to?

A

To Lithium-Ion batteries that are mobile and/or portable.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 8

304
Q

Definitions
ESS Primary (Disposable) non-rechargeable metallic lithium cell

A

A type of battery that uses a lithium metal and an organic electrolyte.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 8

305
Q

Definitions
Lead acid cell

A

A type of battery that uses lead compounds as electrodes and sulfuric acid as an electrolyte.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 8

306
Q

Fires involving Lead acid cells are rare, however, they are best extinguished using what?

A

A dry chemical agent

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 8

307
Q

What is produced when charging a lead acid cell? ____ is cross-sensitive for Carbon Monoxide meters and has been shown to be the source of many CO calls. Battery room and charging areas should have what?

A

Low levels of Hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (O2). Sufficient ventilation to remain below 1% LEL

FF Ops Bull 18 pg. 9

308
Q

Definitions
ESS Secondary or (Rechargeable) lithium-ion cell

A

A type of battery that uses lithium metal as an electrode and a lithium salt in organic carbonates as an electrolyte.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 9

309
Q

For ESS Secondary or Rechargeable lithium-ion cells, what may be ineffective in extinguishing these types of fires?

A

Class D extinguishing systems

FF Ops Bull No. 19 pg. 9

310
Q

For ESS Secondary or Rechargeable lithium-ion cells, what can be used to extinguish them and cool batteries in thermal runaway?

A

Water

FF Ops Bull No. 19 pg. 9

311
Q

Definitions
Abuse

A

Industry term to describe the thermal, mechanical, and electrical stress placed on a battery that can lead to a battery failure. For example, a battery can fail due to being overcharged (electrical), getting too hot (thermal), or being pierced or crushed (mechanical).

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

312
Q

Definitions
Stranded Energy

A

Energy that remains in undamaged battery modules and cells of a damaged high-voltage battery with no path to discharge the stored energy.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

313
Q

Stranded energy can cause what?

A

Multiple reignitions in a high-voltage battery for up to one week following an initial fire involving the Lithium-Ion battery.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

314
Q

If a Lithium-Ion battery is damaged, how is the stranded energy discharged?

A

There may be no safe way to discharge stranded energy.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

315
Q

Definitions
Thermal Runaway

A

The term used for a chemical process that occurs inside a battery cell.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

316
Q

What is the most frequent cause of fire in a Lithium-Ion battery system?

A

Thermal runaway

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

317
Q

In general, a cell in thermal runaway will “pop” when it ruptures, producing a pressurized white vapor that is heavier than air. This vapor is extremely what? Ignition can do what?

A

Toxic and flammable, has the potential to carry enough force as to cause structural damage and rapid fire spread.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 10

318
Q

Water may not prevent a battery from entering thermal runaway, however, water will do what?

A

Provide a cooling effect on the adjacent battery cells, thus reducing propagation to other cells.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg.

319
Q

Definitions
Unexpected Re-ignition

A

Lithium-Ion Batteries are known to unexpectedly re-ignite (with no warning) minutes, hours, or even days after all visible fire has been extinguished. Such fires are not to be considered “rekindles” since such occurrences cannot be predicted.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

320
Q

Definitions
Overpack Container

A

A container designed to contain hazardous materials to include Lithium-Ion batteries for transport and disposal.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

321
Q

Definitions
Cell-Block Absorbent

A

Fire protection absorbent engineered to contain Lithium-Ion batteries in overpack containers

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

322
Q

Definitions
Powerwall

A

Rechargeable Lithium-Ion battery stationary home energy storage product.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

323
Q

What will Officers do when identifying or suspecting that the emergency involves batteries?

A

Notify the Incident Commander

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

324
Q

On BESS/ESS incidents, the IC is responsible for what?

A

Determining what type of batteries are involved, if the batteries are stationary or portable, and what quantity of batteries are present.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

325
Q

On BESS/ESS incidents, the HazMat Unit is responsible for determining what?

A

Alternative extinguishing methods for Lithium-Ion batteries to include Cellblock Class D extinguishing agent and a Lithiium-Ion battery incident kit (LIBIK) bag for extinguishment.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 11

326
Q

Portable and personal mobility devices include what?

A

Scooters, hoverboards, bikes, wheelchairs, and any other portable/mobile battery-powered device.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

327
Q

What must be considered when responding to batteries on mobility devices?

A

They can vent and/or catch fire from thermal, electrical, or physical abuse, and often without warning.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

328
Q

What is the most abuse for portable and personal mobility devices?

A

Overcharging and/or use of non-original equipment manufacturer (OEM) charges.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

329
Q

Gases and vapors vented from the battery in thermal runaway are toxic and flammable. Lithium may emit what?

A

A colorless to pale yellow gas with a sharp pungent odor.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

330
Q

Do not take portable and personal mobility devices into what?

A

Elevators

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

331
Q

For portable and personal mobility ESS devices damaged wheelchairs shall not be transported by whom?

A

Air Units

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

332
Q

For portable and personal mobility ESS devices consider covering them with what?

A

Cell-Block Agent if feasible (Carried on Hazmat Unit)

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 12

333
Q

For Energy Storage System emergencies, units may pose a significant high voltage and electrocution risk if what?

A

The outer enclosure, Pod/battery module enclosures, and/or safety circuits have been compromised or have been significantly damaged.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

334
Q

Thermal management of most energy products is achieved via liquid cooling using a 50/50 mixture of ethylene glycol and water. A typical battery unit contains how much of this mixture?

A

22 to 26 liters (5 to 6 gallons) of coolant.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

335
Q

If a liquid is observed on an ESS emergency, that is a suspected electrolyte, what must be done?

A

Ventilate the area and avoid contact with the liquid until a positive identification can be made and sufficient protective equipment can be obtained (eye, skin, and respiratory protection).

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

336
Q

What can be used to identify a spilled liquid on ESS emergencies?

A

Chemical classifier strips

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

337
Q

On EES emergencies, when responding to a fire involving the Powerpack System, how do responders approach the unit?

A

Do not approach the Powerpack units from the front (door-side) or the rear. Perform all incident actions from the sides of the units.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

338
Q

On ESS emergencies do not attempt to what?

A

Open the enclosure doors or come in contact with the units.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

339
Q

Manufacturers recommend fighting residential and light commercial BESS product fires from what?

A

A defensive position.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

340
Q

On ESS emergencies for residential units, crews should maintain a distance of what? and a Hose stream of what?

A

At least 15 feet in any direction. Hose streams should be at a 10-degree fog pattern or wider. Avoid operating in pooling water

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

341
Q

On ESS emergencies, until the external power is disconnected fire crews should do what?

A

Should allow the battery to burn itself out.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

342
Q

On ESS emergencies, once the external power has been removed, what is considered the preferred agent for managing lithium-ion battery fires?

A

Water

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

343
Q

On ESS emergencies, gaseous agents such as what may temporarily suppress the flaming of lithium-ion battery packs? However, these agents will not do what?

A

CO2, Halon, or dry chemical suppressants. Will not cool lithium-ion batteries and will not limit the propagation of cell thermal runaway reactions.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 14

344
Q

On ESS emergencies a battery fire may continue for several hours and it may take __ ____ or longer for the battery pack to cool after it has been fully consumed by a thermal runaway event.

A

24-hours

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 15

345
Q

On ESS emergencies, after all fire and smoke have visibly subsided for at least ___ ____, a ___ ____ ___ can be used to actively measure the unit’s temperature and determine if it is safe to interact with it.

A

12-hours, thermal imaging camera

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 15

346
Q

When responding to a fire event in a cabinet style or ISO container BESS, how do units approach it?

A

Do not approach the unit and attempt to open any doors. The doors are designed to remain shut, and built-in deflagration vents in the roof of the unit will vent any smoke and flame out of the top of the unit and the front thermal system intake louvers.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 17

347
Q

BESS Container fires will be fought how?

A

Defensively and the priority shall, be to cool adjacent cabinets or containers.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 17

348
Q

On BESS Container Fire emergencies crews should maintain a distance in all directions of at least what?

A
  • 50 feet
  • 100 feet from the direct line of container exhaust openings

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 17

349
Q

On BESS Container fire emergencies, hose streams should be at what?

A

A 10-degree fog pattern or wider. Avoid pooling water.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 17

350
Q

On BESS ISO Containers, how is overhaul performed?

A

No overhaul shall be performed on any BESS ISO Containers.

FF Ops Bull No. 18 pg. 17

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