Fetus Anomalies

Question 1

Meckel-Gruber Syndrome

Answer 1

Associated w/ occipital encephalocele & polycystic kidney disease

Question 2

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Answer 2

Open spina bifida, lemon head, banana cerebellum, elevated AFP

Question 3

VACTERL

Answer 3

Vertebral, Anorectal atresia, Cardia, Tracheoesophageal, Esophogeal, Renal, Limbs

Question 4

Achondroplasia (Dwarfism)

Answer 4

Frontal bossing, macroglossia, macrocrania, trident hand (space between 3-4finger)

Question 5

Common lethal dysplasia

Answer 5

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Question 6

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Answer 6

Craniosynostosis (premature fusion of cranial sutures), cloverleaf skull shape

Question 7

Trisomy 13 / Patua syndrome

Answer 7

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) , holopro (fused thalami, monoventricle) , facial defects, omphalocele,

Question 8

Most common non-lethal dysplasia

Answer 8

Heterozygous Achondroplasia

Question 9

Amniotic band syndrome

Answer 9

causes fetal amputations, clefts facial defects,

Question 10

Rhizomelia

Answer 10

Proximal limb is shorter than the distal limb

Question 11

Duodenal atresia

Answer 11

“double bubble sign” fluid fill stomach and fluid filled prox duodenum

Question 12

Omphalocele

Answer 12

midline, smooth, with covering of the intestines

Question 13

Most common cause of oligohydramnios

Answer 13

Renal abnormalities

Question 14

Most common level of obstruction for fetal hydronephrosis

Answer 14

UPJ

Question 15

Turners syndrome / Monosomy X

Answer 15

Related to hydrops, cystic hygroma

Question 16

Cordocentesis

Answer 16

PUBS samples fetal blood through cord

Question 17

Most common type of multiple gestation

Answer 17

Dizygotic

Question 18

Most commonly documented conjoined twins

Answer 18

Thoracopagus

Question 19

Twin peak / Lamba sign is associated with

Answer 19

Di/Di

Question 20

Egg division <4 days =

Answer 20

Di/Di

Question 21

Egg division 4-8 days =

Answer 21

Mono/Di

Question 22

Egg division >8 days =

Answer 22

Mono/Mono

Question 23

The most likely etiology of painless vag bleeding in 2nd trimester

Answer 23

Placenta previa

Question 24

Function of the umbilical vessels

Answer 24

Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to fetus

Question 25

The most common tumor of placenta

Answer 25

Chorioangioma

Question 26

Marginal AKA battledore cord insertion is

Answer 26

Cord inserted 2cm edge of placenta

Question 27

Fetal contribution of the placenta

Answer 27

Chorion frondosum AKA chorionic plate

Question 28

Velamentous / Membranous cord insertion is

Answer 28

Cord insertion is not directly into the placenta but along uterine wall within membranes

Question 29

What vessel is evaluated to assess fetal well being

Answer 29

Umbilical artery = flows fetus to placenta

Question 30

Which biometric measurement is most accurate for presence of IUGR

Answer 30

AC

Question 31

Immune hydrops

Answer 31

Cause by Rh isoimmunization, materal blood is Rh NEGATIVE = erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 32

Diabetes mellitus/ Pre-existing diabetes is related to

Answer 32

Fetal defects

Question 33

Adenomyosis

Answer 33

Dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, menorrhagia(heavy periods) & multiparity

Question 34

TORCH infections

Answer 34

can be associated with microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, micropthalmia, ventriculomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly

Question 35

Edwards/ T18

Answer 35

Strawberry head, clenched fists, choroid plexus cyst, micrognathia, rocker-bottom feet, omphalocele, & single umbilical artery