Fetlock joint and metacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joint Flashcards
What are some problems that can occur in the fetlock joint of horses
-Contusion/distorsion
-Osteoarthritis
-Osteochondrosis
-Osteochondral fragments
-Villonodular synovitis
-Proximal sesamoid bone fractures
-Fractures
-Luxation
What’s the most common joint disorder in the fetlock in the horse
Contusion/distorsion (but we don’t typically see these cases because they get better on their own usually
What are the clinical signs and treatment of contusion/distorsion in the horse
-Clin signs: lameness, effusion, pain
-Treatment:rest 2-3 weeks, NSAIDs
What is the most common osteochondral fragment in the horse
Proximodorsal P1 osteochondral fragments
Where are proximodorsal P1 osteochondral fragments most commonly
Medial»>lateral
Commonly bilateral
What are the symptoms and treatment of proximodorsal p1 osteochondral fragments
Symptoms: often none, lameness, effusion, flexion test +, decreased performance
Treatment: benign neglect, conservative treatment, arthroscopic removal
What are the two types of palmar/plantar P1 osteochondral fragments (POF)
Type 1: axial, articular, rounded, hind mainly, lameness can occur
Type 2: abaxial, partially articular, larger than type 1, hind mainly rarely clinical symptoms
What is the typical presentation of sagittal ridge osteochondrosis and how is it treated
Distal MC3/MT3, presents with joint effusion, minimal lameness, just radiographic signs
Treatment: wait until def not healed (about 1 year), arthroscopic debridement
What is chronic proliferative “villonodular” synovitis, what is the diagnosis, and what is the treatment
-Thickening of proximal dorsal synovial pad
-Primary: repetitive “hyper extension”
-Secondary: OA, chips
-primarily a disease of TB racehorses
Diagnosis: physical exam, US, rads
Treatment: conservative (rest, NSAIDs), surgical excision >4mm wide
What are the clinical symptoms of sesamoiditis
-Lameness
-Positive flexion
-Positive percussion PSB
-Radiographic signs: increased channels, sclerosis
Why are sesamoid bone fractures difficult to heal
-Fracture disrupts blood supply
-Often good prognosis is minimal suspensory involvement
What is the treatment for suspensory apparatus breakdown and what is the prognosis
-Treatment/initial support is important (kimzey leg saver)
-Evaluate blood supply to distal limb
-Arthrodesis only real treatment
-Prognosis bad and expensive
What is common in proximal phalanx fractures, how are they diagnosed, and how are they treated
-Biarticular: communicate with pastern joint
-Diagnosis: CAVEAT nerve blocks, radiographs
-Treatment: lag screw fixation, conservative if short incomplete fissures
What is the most common joint for osteoarthritis in the horse and what are the symptoms
-Fetlock joint (MCPJ>MTPJ)
-Symptoms: history on and off days, lameness, joint effusion, positive flexion, nerve blocks localize pain around fetlock, positive responses to intra-articular block
