Bovine musculoskeletal system examination Flashcards
What are the types of lameness in the bovine
-Non infectious: claw horn lesions/disease of horn formation
-Infectious: DD, scald, footrot
-Non foot lameness: upper limb lameness
Where on the foot are most lamenesses in cattle
-Reflects major weight bearing function of feet, so in forelimbs it is most commonly medial claw, and in hindlimb it is most commonly lateral claw
What are some predisposing factors for cows getting lameness
-Standing times, wet mucky yards,ergotism
-Body condition score loss after calving
What diseases are more sudden vs more insidious onset in cattle lameness
-Sudden: fractures, Foul in foot, DD, FMD, acute laminitis
-Insidious: solar ulcers, white line lesions, septic arthritis
If the forelimbs are crossed in a cow, where is the pain
-Medial claw
If the back is arched in a cow, where is the pain
-Vertebral (or abdominal)
If there is over extension of the hindlimb in the cow, what is happening
-Spastic paresis
What does femoral nerve paralysis in a cow look like
-marked ventral sinking of a flexed hindlimb at a walk (genuflection)
-femoral nerve is pinched causing loss of muscle tone
-This is pathognomonic (and a common exam question)
What does a dorsal luxation g patella present like in a cow
Bunny hopping
What are some causes of stiffness in cattle
-Polyarthritis
-Myopathy
-Tetanus
What are some causes of weakness in cattle
-Toxemia
-Emaciation
-Severe anemia
-Acidosis
-Dehyration
-Hyperkalemia
What is a useful indicator of infectious arthritis in the joints of the front limbs
-Unilateral enlargement of the prescapular lymph nodes
What are some ancillary diagnostic aids that can be used in diagnosis cattle lameness
-CK/AST
-GPX (selenium marker)
-Copper or liver biopsy
-Arthocentesis
-Radiography, US
