Fetal spine

Question 1

3 ossification centers for the spine

Answer 1

midline anterior
2 posterior

Question 2

2 normal curves in the spine

Answer 2

lordotic
kyphotic

Question 3

when should the spine be evaluated by

Answer 3

18-20 weeks

Question 4

where does the spine taper

Answer 4

sacrococcygeal area

Question 5

spina bifida common cause

Answer 5

failure of dorsal vertebrae tube to close at day 25

Question 6

most common type of spina bifida

Answer 6

spina bifida aperta

Question 7

Spina Bifida Aperta Sono Findings

Answer 7

 Splayed vertebral elements
 Hydrocephalus often present
 Frontal bone scalloping (lemon sign)
 Deformed cerebellum with obliterated CM
 Chiari II Malformation

Question 8

Spina Bifida Aperta differentials

Answer 8

 Sacrococcygeal teratoma  Lipomeningocele

Question 9

what is chiari 2 malformation

Answer 9

abnormal appearane of the posterior fossa

Question 9

what is chiari 2 malformation

Answer 9

abnormal appearane of the posterior fossa

Question 10

what causes chirari symptoms

Answer 10

Question 11

what causes chirari symptoms

Answer 11

Question 12

what is chiari 2 malformation always associated w/

Answer 12

spinal myelomeningocele or myelocele

Question 13

Spina Bifida Cranial Signs

Answer 13

 Ventriculomegaly
 Lemon sign
 Banana Sign
 Non-vis, of cisterna magna

Question 14

what is the lemon sign

Answer 14

flattening of frontal calvarium

Question 15

when is the lemon sign. seen

Answer 15

before 24 weeks

Question 16

what is the lemon sign associated w/

Answer 16

ventriculomegaly
spinal myelomeningocele

Question 17

what can cause an elevated AFP

Answer 17

multiple fetus
fetal death
open defects

Question 18

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma on sono

Answer 18

solid or mixed
cystic
calcifications

Question 19

sacral agenesis may be present with

Answer 19

caudal regression
sirenomelia sequence
vacteral

Question 20

what is caudal regression syndrome

Answer 20

spectrum of sctructual defects in caudal region
vary from partial agenesis of the coccyx to lumboscral agensis

Question 21

caudal regression on sono

Answer 21

Question 22

what is Sirenomelia Sequence (Mermaid Syndrome

Answer 22

fused lower extremities
single umbilical artery
GI/GU malformations