Fetal face and neck Flashcards
BOD
bi ocular diameter
OOD
outer orbital diameter
IOD
internal orbital diameter
hypertelorism associated w/
median cleft
craniosynotosis
what is hypertelorism
large distance between the eyes
hypotelorism asso. w/
meckel gruber
microcephaly
what is hypotelorism
small distance between the eyes
fetal cataracts
increased echogenicity
what is fetal proboscis
which trisomy is a small or absent nasal bone associated w/
trisomy 21
what is micrognathia
small chin
what is a cleft lip or palate?
slit like opening
uni/bilat/ or median
common
what is a cystic hygroma?
lymphatic fluid filled sac posterior lateral to the neck
what trisomy is cystic hygroma assoc. w/
13 or turners syndrome
classic sign of cystic hygroma on sono
sac located in the post. cervical region with a thick midline septum
differential diagnosis for cystic hygroma
cervical meningocele, subcotaneous edema
other fluid build up assoc. w/ cystic hygroma
what is GOITER
large thyroid
how can goiter effect amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
fetus cannot swallow
when in the pregnancy is a nuchal fold measured
18 - 22 weeks
what is a large nuchal fold a soft marker for
congenital heart disease
tri 21
proposed etiology for nuchal fold
hydrops or lymphatic obstruction
normal measurement for nuchal fold
less than 6mm
where should you place your calipers for a nuchal fold
outer edge of occiputal bone to skin surface
normal cephalic index
75-85
less than 75 cephalic index indicates
dolichocephaly
greater than 85 cephalic index indicates
brachycephaly
key things your ruling out at the transventricular view
anencephaly
ventricularmegaly
holoprosencephaly
encephalocele
