Fetal Nervous system

Question 1

where is CSF formed

Answer 1

lateral ventricles

Question 2

what opening is between the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle

Answer 2

foramen of monroe

Question 3

when do you see an increase of AFP and polyhydraminos

Answer 3

nuero tube defects

Question 4

parts of the cephalon rostral neuopore

Answer 4

1. prosencephalan (forebrain)
2. mesencephalon (mid)
3. rhombencephalon (hind)

Question 5

when does the rostral tube end close

Answer 5

25 days after conception

Question 6

what is the csp medial to

Answer 6

the frontal horns

Question 7

What trisomy is a choroid plexus cyst associated with and when is it seen

Answer 7

asso. w/ trisomy 18
seen between 15-26 weeks

Question 8

choroid plexus cyst sono appearance

Answer 8

size .3. to 2 cm
may cause compression

Question 9

2 causes for ventricular megaly

Answer 9

1. non communicating obstruction: obsruction in ventricles
2. communicating obstruction: CSF gets absorbed in subarachnoid spaces

Question 10

Aqueductal stenosis

Answer 10

most common cause for ventricularmegaly
enlarged 3rd ventricle
normal 4th

Question 11

what is Dandy walker syndrome

Answer 11

rare
abnormal development of cerebellum w/ maldevelopment of 4th vent

Question 12

Dandy walker syndrome associated and linked with

Answer 12

linked w/ rubella, cmv, etoh
assoc. w/ diabetes
or unknown

Question 13

Dandy walker syndrome sono findings

Answer 13

post. fossa cyst
splaying of cerebellar hemisphere
ventriculomegaly 80%

Question 14

differential diagnosis for Dandy walker syndrome

Answer 14

arachnoid cyst

Question 15

Arachnoid cyst etiology

Answer 15

inflammatory changes

Question 16

Arachnoid cyst sono

Answer 16

flattening of cerebral vermis
no communication between cyst & 4th ventricle

Question 17

3 types of holoprosencephaly

Answer 17

1. alobar
2. semilobar
3. lobar

Question 18

Hydrancephaly etiology

Answer 18

most common is bilateral occlusion carotid arteries and jugular veins

Question 19

Hydrancephaly sono findings

Answer 19

brain stem bulges inside anechoic head
brain matter replaced with CSF
poly

Question 20

Porencephaly etiology

Answer 20

intracranial hemorrhage or infarction
necrosis
traumatic event to fetus like car accident

Question 21

Porencephaly sono appearance

Answer 21

cystic areas
varied due to hemorrhage

Question 22

when is the corpus callosum fully developed

Answer 22

by 12 to 18 weeks

Question 23

agenesis of corpus callosum sono appearance

Answer 23

dilatation of 3rd ventricle
lateral ventricles pushed more lateral and superior
occipital horn dilation
**ABSENT CSP **

Question 24

what opening is between the 3rd and 4th ventricle

Answer 24

aqueduct of sylvius

Question 25

what openings is between the 4th ventricle and the subarachnoid space

Answer 25

foramen of luschka and foramen of magendie

Question 26

how much should microcephaly measure to be diagnosed

Answer 26

2-3 standard devaitions below the mean

Question 27

if you see holoprosencephaly where else should you look for defects?

Answer 27

midline defects
facial defects

Question 28

what will be elevated in maternal blood work for open nueral defects?

Answer 28

alfa feto protein or AFP

Question 29

what is the location of a vein of galen aneurysm

Answer 29

post. and slightly superior thalami

Question 30

when do you see a gale anuerysm

Answer 30

3rd tri

Question 31

differential diagnosis for vein of gale anuerysm

Answer 31

arachnoid cyst
agensis of corp. callosum

Question 32

what is the most common nueral tube defect

Answer 32

anecephalic

Question 33

when should the nueral tube close

Answer 33

23-26 days after conception

Question 34

what can you see on sono for anecephalic

Answer 34

polyhdramnios
absence of brain
frog like appearance

Question 35

what anomalies are associtaed with anecephaly

Answer 35

-Cardiovascular
-GI
omphalocele
poly
diaphragmatic hernia
cleft lip
spina bifida

Question 36

what is the most common location for a cephalocele

Answer 36

occipital region

Question 37

what trisomys are associated with cephalocele

Answer 37

trisomy 13 and 21

Question 38

what findings are associated with cephalocele

Answer 38

hydrocephalus or ventricularmegaly
spina abifida
microcephaly
Meckel gruber syndrome
CV anomalies

Question 39

encephalocele Differential diagnosis

Answer 39

cystic hygroma
teratoma
hemangioma
scalp edema

Question 40

microcephaly etiology

Answer 40

exposure radiation
brain abnormalities

Question 41

when is microcephaly diagnosed

Answer 41

2nd and 3rd tri

Question 42

What is hydraencephaly

Answer 42

Absence or near absence of brain tissue

Question 43

What is
A vein of Galen aneurysm

Answer 43

Direct communication of a vein and middle cerebral artery