Fetal Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

where is CSF formed

A

lateral ventricles

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2
Q

what opening is between the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle

A

foramen of monroe

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3
Q

when do you see an increase of AFP and polyhydraminos

A

nuero tube defects

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4
Q

parts of the cephalon rostral neuopore

A
  1. prosencephalan (forebrain)
  2. mesencephalon (mid)
  3. rhombencephalon (hind)
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5
Q

when does the rostral tube end close

A

25 days after conception

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6
Q

what is the csp medial to

A

the frontal horns

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7
Q

What trisomy is a choroid plexus cyst associated with and when is it seen

A

asso. w/ trisomy 18
seen between 15-26 weeks

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8
Q

choroid plexus cyst sono appearance

A

size .3. to 2 cm
may cause compression

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9
Q

2 causes for ventricular megaly

A
  1. non communicating obstruction: obsruction in ventricles
  2. communicating obstruction: CSF gets absorbed in subarachnoid spaces
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10
Q

Aqueductal stenosis

A

most common cause for ventricularmegaly
enlarged 3rd ventricle
normal 4th

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11
Q

what is Dandy walker syndrome

A

rare
abnormal development of cerebellum w/ maldevelopment of 4th vent

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12
Q

Dandy walker syndrome associated and linked with

A

linked w/ rubella, cmv, etoh
assoc. w/ diabetes
or unknown

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13
Q

Dandy walker syndrome sono findings

A

post. fossa cyst
splaying of cerebellar hemisphere
ventriculomegaly 80%

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14
Q

differential diagnosis for Dandy walker syndrome

A

arachnoid cyst

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15
Q

Arachnoid cyst etiology

A

inflammatory changes

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16
Q

Arachnoid cyst sono

A

flattening of cerebral vermis
no communication between cyst & 4th ventricle

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17
Q

3 types of holoprosencephaly

A
  1. alobar
  2. semilobar
  3. lobar
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18
Q

Hydrancephaly etiology

A

most common is bilateral occlusion carotid arteries and jugular veins

19
Q

Hydrancephaly sono findings

A

brain stem bulges inside anechoic head
brain matter replaced with CSF
poly

20
Q

Porencephaly etiology

A

intracranial hemorrhage or infarction
necrosis
traumatic event to fetus like car accident

21
Q

Porencephaly sono appearance

A

cystic areas
varied due to hemorrhage

22
Q

when is the corpus callosum fully developed

A

by 12 to 18 weeks

23
Q

agenesis of corpus callosum sono appearance

A

dilatation of 3rd ventricle
lateral ventricles pushed more lateral and superior
occipital horn dilation
**ABSENT CSP **

24
Q

what opening is between the 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

aqueduct of sylvius

25
what openings is between the 4th ventricle and the subarachnoid space
foramen of luschka and foramen of magendie
26
how much should microcephaly measure to be diagnosed
2-3 standard devaitions below the mean
27
if you see holoprosencephaly where else should you look for defects?
midline defects facial defects
28
what will be elevated in maternal blood work for open nueral defects?
alfa feto protein or AFP
29
what is the location of a vein of galen aneurysm
post. and slightly superior thalami
30
when do you see a gale anuerysm
3rd tri
31
differential diagnosis for vein of gale anuerysm
arachnoid cyst agensis of corp. callosum
32
what is the most common nueral tube defect
anecephalic
33
when should the nueral tube close
23-26 days after conception
34
what can you see on sono for anecephalic
polyhdramnios absence of brain frog like appearance
35
what anomalies are associtaed with anecephaly
-Cardiovascular -GI omphalocele poly diaphragmatic hernia cleft lip spina bifida
36
what is the most common location for a cephalocele
occipital region
37
what trisomys are associated with cephalocele
trisomy 13 and 21
38
what findings are associated with cephalocele
hydrocephalus or ventricularmegaly spina abifida microcephaly Meckel gruber syndrome CV anomalies
39
encephalocele Differential diagnosis
cystic hygroma teratoma hemangioma scalp edema
40
microcephaly etiology
exposure radiation brain abnormalities
41
when is microcephaly diagnosed
2nd and 3rd tri
42
What is hydraencephaly
Absence or near absence of brain tissue
43
What is A vein of Galen aneurysm
Direct communication of a vein and middle cerebral artery