Fetal Pathology Flashcards
What week gestation does the fetal period start?
9 wks and lasts until birth
What is the perinatal period?
3-5mo before birth and first week post birth
What is the neonatal period?
Birth-4wks
What is considered preterm?
<37wks
Genetic defects count for how many % early preg loss
(early preg loss=<20wks gestation) answer: 50%, monosomy X is the most common
What is 45X syndrome?
Turner’s syndrome
- Most common chromosomal aberration in early preg loss
- Small stature, gonadal dysgenesis, adolescent presentation due to delayed menarche
- Comes with horseshoe kidney, bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of aorta
- Detect prenatally with cystic hygroma +/- hydrops (fetal edema)
What arel TORCH infections?
TORCH infections early in pregnancy can cause mortality and morbidity including restricted growth, mental retardation, cataracts, cardiac anomalies, and bone defects
Name the congenital TORCH infections
Toxoplasmosis Other (syphilis, parvovirus B19) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes
What increases your risk of contracting toxoplasmosis?
Cat feces exposure
What is the triad of rubella?
Cataracts, hearing loss, heart murmur
What is the highest risk gestation weeks for rubella?
3-11, most moms are vaccinated tho so this si rare
What is the triad of cytomegalovirus
Chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, microcephaly
What is an echogenic bowel?
Ultrasound finding that is a marker for aneuploidic abnormalities and TORCH pathologies
What are some risk factors for preterm birth?
- Preterm premature rupture of placental membranes
- Intrauterine infection
- Uterine, cervical, placental structural abnormalities
- Multiple gestation
What is considered low birth weight?
<2500 grams