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Reproduction > Female Histology > Flashcards

Female Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major functions of the ovaries?

A
  1. Produce the female gametes

2. Produce the steroid hormones that prepare the endometrium for conception and maintain preg should fert occur

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2
Q

What are the two regions of the ovaries and what is within them?

A
  1. Medullary
    - Contains rich vascular bed with cellular loose CT
  2. Cortical
    - Ovarian follicles reside here
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3
Q

What are granulosa cells

A

They are follicular cells that surround an ovarian follicle

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4
Q

What are primoridal follicles?

A

Before birth, primoridal germ cells proliferate by mitotic division until they number in the millions. After they are arrested in prophase of M1, they are called primordial follicles

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5
Q

Primary follicles

A

Around time of sexual maturity, primoridal follicles undergo further growth to become primary follicles in which the oocyte is surrounded by two or more layers of cuboidal epithelial cells

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6
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Follicular cells as the oocyte enlarges (during menstrual cycle)

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7
Q

Zona pellucida

A

A thick layer of glycoportein that is secreted as the oocyte enlarges (during menstrual cycle) between the oocyte and granulosa cells

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8
Q

Theca folliculi

A

Once the zona pellucida is made, the stroma surrounding the follicle differentiates into a cellular layer called the theca folliculi which are separated from granulosa cells by a thick basement membrane

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9
Q

What are the zones of the theca?

A
  1. Theca interna
    - richly vascularized
    - synth androgenic steroids which are converted to estradiol by granulosa cells after diffusing into follicle
  2. Theca externa
    - Mostly connective tissue
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10
Q

Antrum

A

Large, fluid filled cavity. Marks the point of secondary follicles

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11
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

Thickened area of the granulosa where the full sized oocyte is situated

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12
Q

Graafian follicle

A
  1. Mature follicle that has completed its first meiotic division (Haploid, 2N).
  2. Greatly enlarged antrum
  3. Cumulus oophorus diminishes leaving the oocyte surrounded by the corona radiata.
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13
Q

Where is the first polar body?

A

Zona pellucida

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14
Q

What stage of meiosis occurs at just before ovulation?

A

The graafian follicle continues meiosis and progresses to metaphase M2, then arrests until fertilization

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15
Q

Follicular atresia

A

Follicular cells and oocytes die and are phagocytized. Maximal at birth, during puberty and during pregnancy

during each cycle, some follicles develop but by mid-cycle only one ovulates, the rest undergo atresia

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16
Q

What stimulates ovulation and where is it secreted?

A

Lots of LH secreted by anterior pituitary gland

17
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Rupture of mature follicle and liberation of the ovum. Ovum is viable for 24 hours, after which it undergoes autolysis in the oviduct

18
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Formed from the wall of the follicle that becomes infolded. Is a temporary endocrine gland.

19
Q

What happens during the period of corpus luteum development?

A
  1. Blood vessels and stroma invade previously avascular layer of granulosa cells
  2. Granulosa cells and theca interna cells hypertrophy to form lutein cells
20
Q

What do granulosa lutein secrete?

A

Progesterone and estrogen

21
Q

What do Theca lutein cells secrete?

A

Androstenedione and progesterone

22
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Prevents development of new follicles, thus preventing ovulation

23
Q

How long does the corpus luteum last in absence of pregnancy?

A

10-14 days

24
Q

Corpus albicans

A

Scar of dense connective tissue where the corpus luteum was

25
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum with pregnancy?

A

HCG produced by placenta stimulates it for 6 mo

26
Q

Infundibulum

A

Part of oviduct that opens into peritoneal cavity to receive ovum

27
Q

What directs ovum to tube?

A

Fimbriae, which extend from the end of the tube and envelop the ovulation site to direct the ovum to the tube

28
Q

Isthmus

A

Part of ovum next to ampulla, small

29
Q

Interstitial segment

A

Part of ovum that penetrates the wall of the uterus

30
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the oviduct?

A
  1. Mucosa
    - Longitudinal folds, most numerous in ampulla, simple columnar epithelium
  2. Muscularis
  3. Serosa composed of visceral peritoneum
31
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome in women

A

Not infertile so ciliary action is not essential

32
Q

Tubal ectopic pregnancy

A

Fertilized ovum implants in wall of oviduct

33
Q

What are the components of the uterus?

A
  1. Body/corpus
  2. Internal os
    - narrowing of the uterine cavity
  3. Cervix
    - Lower cylindrical structure
34
Q

What are the three layers of the alls of the uterus?

A
  1. Outer serosa
    -CT and mesothelium
    OR adventitia
    -CT
    –>depending on what part of the uterus
  2. Myometrium
    - Smooth muscle
    - Grows during pregnancy
  3. Endometrium
    - Mucosa of the uterus
    - Epithelium and lamina propria
35
Q

What are the zones of the endometrial layer?

A
  1. Functionalis
    - Sloughed off at menstruation
  2. Basalis
    - Retained after menstruation and proliferates to provide new epithelium and lamina propria
36
Q

What lies deep within the basalis?

A

The uterine glands which are the source of cells that divide and migrate to form the new epithelial lining

37
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the vagina?

A
  1. Mucosa
    - Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Muscular
    - Smooth muscle (longitudinal)
  3. Adventitia
38
Q

Where does the mucus found in the vagina come from?

A

Glands of the uterine cervix

39
Q

DID NOT MAKE CARDS FOR

A

MAMMARY GLANDS!

Reproduction (23 decks)

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