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OB 2nd & 3rd Trimester > Fetal Heart > Flashcards

Fetal Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Development begins

A

18-19 days post. Fertilization

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2
Q

___% of blood from rt atrium to foremen ovale

A

60% passes straight into the rt atrium and passes through the foramen ovale

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3
Q

___% blood passes from rt atrium to rt ventricle

A

40% passes from the rt atrium straight to the rt ventricle

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4
Q

Types of septal defects

A

ASD
VSD
Atrioventricular Septic Defect

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5
Q

ASD

A

Atrial Septic Defects

  • hole between the atria
  • common in females, asso with other abnormalities
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6
Q

VSD

A

Ventricular Septal Defects

  • hole in the septum between ventricles
  • Most common anomaly
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7
Q

Most common cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

-Ventricular Septal Defect

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8
Q

Atriventricular Septic Defect

A

Defect in septum somewhere between atrium and ventricle
Asso with T21, Downs Syndrome
(Can cause heart failure)

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9
Q

Examples of structural anomalies

A 
Ebstein Anomaly 
Hypoplastic heart , Lt and Rt
Univentricular heart 
Tetralogy of Fallot 
Truncus Arteriosus
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10
Q

explain an ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve

A

Downward displacement of the tricuspid valve, closer to apex
Rt atrium will be dilated
Associated with lithium exposure

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11
Q

Lithium exposure is associated with what structural anomaly

A

Ebstein Anomaly of the tricuspid valve

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12
Q

Explain what Univentricular Heart is

A

Both atriums empty into ONE ventricle, a septum never develops
May not see RVOT or LVOT

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13
Q

Explain Lt and Rt hypoplastic heart syndrome

A

Rt:
Small or absent pulmonary artery, affects rt side of heart
More common than lt
Lt:
Small or absent lt ventricle and aorta
Lethal! Heart is unable to pump effectively

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14
Q

What form of hypoplastic heart syndrome is lethal

A

Lt sided

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15
Q

What form of hypoplastic heart syndrome is more common

A

Rt side

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16
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot - 4 anomalies

A

Group of 4 anatomical anomalies

  • VSD
  • enlarged aortic valves
  • hypertrophy of rt ventricle muscle
  • stenosis of pulmonary valves
17
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Failure of aorta and pulmonary arteries to form separately

Single vessel comes from the rt and lt ventricles

18
Q

Transposition of Great Vessels

A

Aorta arises from rt ventricle
Pulmonary trunk arises from the lt ventricle
Lethal!

19
Q

Increased incidence with…

A 
Moms over 40
Alcoholism 
Diabetes 
Poor Nutrition 
Viral Illness
20
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

A

Narrowing of aortic lumen

Usually at the ductus Arteriosus

21
Q

Coarctation of the aorta occurs usually at

A

the ductus Arteriosus

22
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Normal: 120-160
Tachy: >180
Brady: <100

23
Q

Most common cardiac tumors

A

Rhabdomyomas

Teratomas

24
Q

What are cardiac tumors associated with

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

25
Q

Are cardiac tumors benign or malignant

A

Most are benign and isolated

26
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the myometrium of the heart, enlarged heart muscles
Caused by viral/bacterial infections or diabetes

27
Q

What are some causes to cardiomyopathy

A

Viral or bacterial infections

Diabetes

28
Q

What is Ectopic Cordis

A

All or part of the heart is outside the chest

Associated with cardiac and chromosomal abnormalities

29
Q

Some scanning views of the heart

A 
4 chamber 
RVOT 
LVOT 
3VV 
Demonstrate valves
30
Q

Fetal heart motion may be seen as early as…

A

4-5 weeks

31
Q

Cardiovascular structure is better seen ____

And seen best after____

A

Structure is better seen at 14-16 weeks

Structure is best seen after 18 weeks

32
Q

Most sensitive time period in the first trimester for cardiac development is between ____and____

A

3.5 - 6.5 weeks

33
Q

Around the ____ week, the heart circulation begins

A

3rd week is when circulation begins

34
Q

Blood vessels from the embryo join with what 3 things to form the primitive cardiac system

A

Blood vessels from the embryo join with:

Yolk sac, connecting stalk, and chorion

35
Q

Division of the 4 chambers occur…

A

4th and 5th week

36
Q

Fetal risk factors

A

IUGR, Cardiac arrhythmias, abnormal amnio, abnormal heart rate, hydrops, single umbilical artery, and any renal anomalies

37
Q

Maternal Risk Factors

A

Previous occurrence of fetal heart anomalies in fetuses, family hx, diabetes mellitus, lupus, maternal drug use

38
Q

Most common fetal heart anomalies are

A

Ventricular septal disease
Transposition of great vessels
Tetrology of Fallot

39
Q

Apex of the heart points_____ to the _____

A

Apex points 45 degrees to the left in the chest

OB 2nd & 3rd Trimester (5 decks)

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