Atrial Septic Defects - hole between the atria - common in females, asso with other abnormalities

Ventricular Septal Defects - hole in the septum between ventricles - Most common anomaly

Fetal Heart Flashcards by Sierra Coen

Development begins

18-19 days post. Fertilization

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___% of blood from rt atrium to foremen ovale

60% passes straight into the rt atrium and passes through the foramen ovale

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___% blood passes from rt atrium to rt ventricle

40% passes from the rt atrium straight to the rt ventricle

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Types of septal defects

ASD
VSD
Atrioventricular Septic Defect

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ASD

Atrial Septic Defects

hole between the atria
common in females, asso with other abnormalities

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VSD

Ventricular Septal Defects

hole in the septum between ventricles
Most common anomaly

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Most common cardiac anomaly

VSD

-Ventricular Septal Defect

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Atriventricular Septic Defect

Defect in septum somewhere between atrium and ventricle
Asso with T21, Downs Syndrome
(Can cause heart failure)

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Examples of structural anomalies

Ebstein Anomaly 
Hypoplastic heart , Lt and Rt
Univentricular heart 
Tetralogy of Fallot 
Truncus Arteriosus

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explain an ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve

Downward displacement of the tricuspid valve, closer to apex
Rt atrium will be dilated
Associated with lithium exposure

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Lithium exposure is associated with what structural anomaly

Ebstein Anomaly of the tricuspid valve

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Explain what Univentricular Heart is

Both atriums empty into ONE ventricle, a septum never develops
May not see RVOT or LVOT

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Explain Lt and Rt hypoplastic heart syndrome

Rt:
Small or absent pulmonary artery, affects rt side of heart
More common than lt
Lt:
Small or absent lt ventricle and aorta
Lethal! Heart is unable to pump effectively

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What form of hypoplastic heart syndrome is lethal

Lt sided

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What form of hypoplastic heart syndrome is more common

Rt side

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Tetralogy of Fallot - 4 anomalies

Group of 4 anatomical anomalies

VSD
enlarged aortic valves
hypertrophy of rt ventricle muscle
stenosis of pulmonary valves

Truncus Arteriosus

Failure of aorta and pulmonary arteries to form separately

Single vessel comes from the rt and lt ventricles

Transposition of Great Vessels

Aorta arises from rt ventricle
Pulmonary trunk arises from the lt ventricle
Lethal!

Increased incidence with…

Moms over 40
Alcoholism 
Diabetes 
Poor Nutrition 
Viral Illness

Coarctation of Aorta

Narrowing of aortic lumen

Usually at the ductus Arteriosus

Coarctation of the aorta occurs usually at

the ductus Arteriosus

Arrhythmias

Normal: 120-160
Tachy: >180
Brady: <100

Most common cardiac tumors

Rhabdomyomas

Teratomas

What are cardiac tumors associated with

Tuberous Sclerosis

Are cardiac tumors benign or malignant

Most are benign and isolated

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the myometrium of the heart, enlarged heart muscles Caused by viral/bacterial infections or diabetes

What are some causes to cardiomyopathy

Viral or bacterial infections | Diabetes

What is Ectopic Cordis

All or part of the heart is outside the chest | Associated with cardiac and chromosomal abnormalities

Some scanning views of the heart

``` 4 chamber RVOT LVOT 3VV Demonstrate valves ```

Fetal heart motion may be seen as early as...

4-5 weeks

Cardiovascular structure is better seen ____ | And seen best after____

Structure is better seen at 14-16 weeks Structure is best seen after 18 weeks

Most sensitive time period in the first trimester for cardiac development is between ____and____

3.5 - 6.5 weeks

Around the ____ week, the heart circulation begins

3rd week is when circulation begins

Blood vessels from the embryo join with what 3 things to form the primitive cardiac system

Blood vessels from the embryo join with: | Yolk sac, connecting stalk, and chorion

Division of the 4 chambers occur...

4th and 5th week

Fetal risk factors

IUGR, Cardiac arrhythmias, abnormal amnio, abnormal heart rate, hydrops, single umbilical artery, and any renal anomalies

Maternal Risk Factors

Previous occurrence of fetal heart anomalies in fetuses, family hx, diabetes mellitus, lupus, maternal drug use

Most common fetal heart anomalies are

Ventricular septal disease Transposition of great vessels Tetrology of Fallot

Apex of the heart points_____ to the _____

Apex points 45 degrees to the left in the chest