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OB 2nd & 3rd Trimester > Fetal Abdomen > Flashcards

Fetal Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Sono appearance of the;

Stomach, Liver, Spleen, GB

A

Stomach: anechoic on the left side
Liver: hypoechoic, right side, (lt lobe is larger in fetal body)
Spleen: homogenous, LUQ
GB: anechoic, Rt sided and Inf to Umb. Vein

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2
Q

Reasons you may not see the stomach?

A 
Could be empty
Obstruction 
Hernia
Oligohydramnios 
Microgastria
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3
Q

What could echogenic material be in the stomach?

A

Could be the Vernix, Protein or intra-amniotic hemorrhage

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4
Q

Esophageal Atresia occurs every?

And is associated with…

A

1:2500

Associated with TE Fistula

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5
Q

Anorectal Atresia and VACTERL are anomalies associated with?

A

Esophageal Atresia

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6
Q

Duodenal Atresia

A

Blockage of lumen leading from the stomach to the duodenum, causing stomach to remain full of amniotic fluid.

  • AF backs up into stomach
  • 30% have T21
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7
Q

____% of infants with _______ have _______

A

30% of infants with duodenal atresia have T21

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8
Q

The more ______ the obstruction of duodenal atresia, the ______ severe

A

More DISTAL the obstruction, the LESS severe

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9
Q

Gallbladder is typically seen around

A

20 weeks

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10
Q

Biliary Atresia

A

Damaged or absent gallbladder

-Once born can lead to jaundice, dark urine and hepatomegaly

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11
Q

Reasons to see gall stones and sludge in fetus?

A

Possible placental abruption, estrogen (hormonal) or if there is Maternal Sickle Cell Anemia

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12
Q

Choledochal Cyst

A

Congenital cystic dilation that communicates with the bile duct but is separate from the gallbladder.
-most common cystic dilation of CBD

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13
Q

Most common cystic dilation of the CBD

A

Choledochal Cysts

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14
Q

Choledochal Cysts are associated with

A

Cholangiocarcinoma tumor, stones and inflammation of the gallbladder

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15
Q

Liver Calcs could be due to

A

Hepatic tumors
Intrauterine Infections
Vascular Insult

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16
Q

Enlarged liver could be due to

A

Severe hemolytic disease
Congenital infection
Beck with- weidemann syndrome

17
Q

Uncommon tumors of the liver

A

Hamartoma (benign)
Hemangioendothelioma (mal)
Hemangioma (benign)
Metastasis from a neuroblastoma

18
Q

Hepatoblastoma

A

Most common cancer in kids under 5 years
Echogenic mass with vascularity
Elevated AFP

19
Q

Spleen, basic info

A

Very homogeneous

Cysts are rare

20
Q

Splenomegaly can occur with

A

RH immune disease
Beckwith-weidemann Syndrome
Infection

21
Q

Gastric muscles start moving

A

4-5 months

Weeks 16-24

22
Q

What weeks are meconium starting to be produced

A

15th-16th week

23
Q

After ____ weeks, peristalsis increases

A

27 weeks

24
Q

Variable appearance of SB

A

Early gestations begins hyperechoic and less noticeable, later term pregnancy becomes more hypoechoic and noticeably tubular in the body

25
Q

Meconium Peritonitis

A

Rupture of colon/bowel before birth
Stool is in the fetus’s surrounding peritoneum causing infection
May occur after an obstruction or atresia, volvulus or ileus

26
Q

Sono of meconium peritonitis

A

Echogenic with intra-abdominal foci (causing shadowing)

Possible to see Ascites and polyhydramnios

27
Q

Causes for SBO

A

Malrotation of bowel
Atresia(s)
Volvulus
Cystic Fibrosis

28
Q

Atresia of SB

A

Obstruction with subsequent distention of belly
Multiple fluid filled bowel loops (can occur anywhere of GI tract)
Possible to see polyhydramnios

29
Q

Echogenic Bowel,

Good or Bad? Why?

A

Not great!
Indication of lack of hydration or altered meconium
Increased risk for T21 and Cystic Fibrosis

30
Q

Having an echogenic bowel can put the baby at risk for?

A

Trisomy 21

Cystic Fibrosis

31
Q

Possible causes for echogenic bowel

A

Intra-amniotic blood (from abruption)
Severe IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)
Unexplained Uterine Demise

32
Q

Anal Rectal Atresia

A

Disorder ranging from separation or absence of anus
Possibly due to imperforate anus
Causes distal colon to be dilated and calcified meconium

33
Q

What is associated with Anal-rectal Atresia

A

Imperforate Anus

VACTERL

34
Q

Imperforate Anus

A

Membrane covers where the anus should be, not allowing the passing of stool

35
Q

VACTERL

A 
Vertebral anomalies 
Anal atresia 
Cranial Defects 
Tracheo-Esophageal atresia 
Renal anomalies
Limb abnormalities
36
Q

Surgery for choledochal cysts after birth may help prevent

A

Cholangitis
Biliary Obstruction
Cirrhosis
GB Calcs

OB 2nd & 3rd Trimester (5 decks)

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