Fetal Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Fetal gut develops at the end of the:

Answer 1

5th menstrual week

Question 2

The fetal gut can be divided into the:

Answer 2

foregut, midgut, and hindgut

Question 3

The fetal stomach can be visualized by :

Answer 3

8 weeks

14 weeks - luq as an anechoic circular organ

Question 4

Initially, in early embryologic development, the origin of amniotic fluid is thought to result from an:

Answer 4

osmotic process

Question 5

In later gestation, around 9 weeks, the fetal ____ begin to produce urine.

Answer 5

kidneys

Question 6

The fetus who suffers from esophageal atresia or duodenal atresia cannot:

Answer 6

Transport amniotic fluid to the intestines

Question 7

Congenital absence of part of the esophagus

Answer 7

esophageal atresia

Question 8

With esophageal atresia the esophagus and the trachea often form an abnormal connection known as:

Answer 8

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 9

The fetal stomach may appear sonographically _______ or ______ with esophageal atresia and there will be evidence of polyhydramnios.

Answer 9

small or completely absent

Question 10

Associated anomalies often present with esophageal atresia :

Answer 10

duodenal atresia, VACTERL syndrome, down syndrome, IUGR, and trisomy 18

Question 11

The congenital maldevelopment or absence of the proximal portion of the small bowel, the duodenum, is termed

Answer 11

duodenal atresia

Question 12

Duodenal atresia classically presents sonographically as:

Answer 12

dilated, fluid filled anechoic stomach and an anechoic fluid filled prox duodenum, offering the double bubble sign

Question 13

Duodenal atresia has a proven association with:

Answer 13

trisomy 21

Question 14

Which lobe of the liver is larger in the fetus

Answer 14

left

Question 15

Most common abnormality of the fetal liver:

Answer 15

hepatomegaly

Question 16

Hepatomegaly may occur as a result of intrauterine infections, or be seen with:

Answer 16

beckwith-wiedemann syndrome

Question 17

Choledochal cysts can lead to :

Answer 17

cholangitis, portal hypertension, pancreatitis, and liver failure

Question 18

In general, the echogenicity of the small intestine should not be:

Answer 18

isoechoic to or greater than that of fetal bone

Question 19

Echogenic bowel has been linked with:

Answer 19

Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, growth restriction, fetal demise, congenital infection such as cytomeglovirus, and gastrointestinal obstructions

Question 20

Causes a functional fetal bowel obstruction, and is caused by the absence of nerves within the bowel wall.

Answer 20

Hirschsprung’s disease

Question 21

Sonographic finding of dilated loops of bowel within the fetal abdomen is indicative of :

Answer 21

fetal bowel obstruction

Question 22

Obstruction of the fetal bowel most often occurs when there is a _______ _____

Answer 22

meconium plug

Question 23

The most common type of colonic atresia that will lead to bowel obstruction is :

Answer 23

anorectal atresia

Question 24

MSAFP levels have been shown to be much higher in :

Answer 24

gastroschisis than in omphalocele

Question 25

Herniation of abdominal contents through a right sided, periumbilical abdominal wall defect.

Answer 25

gastroschisis

Question 26

Gastroschisis is thought to be caused by a :

Answer 26

vascular incident occuring to either the right umbilical vein or omphalomesenteric artery

Question 27

Sonographically, with gastroschisis the cord insertion will be?

Answer 27

normal

Question 28

Evidence of persistent herniation of the bowel, and potentially other abdominal organs, into the base of the umbilical cord leads to the diagnosis of :

Answer 28

omphalocele

Question 29

An omphalocele is located within the :

Answer 29

midline of the abdomen, the umbilical cord will insert into the mass

Question 30

_____ is often noted within an omphalocele, as well as within the abdomen of the fetus.

Answer 30

ascites

Question 31

There is a poorer prognosis when the omphalocele contains:

Answer 31

liver

Question 32

Omphalocele has a more significant risk for :

Answer 32

heart defects and chromosomal anomalies

Question 33

Anomalies associated with omphalocele

Answer 33

trisomy 18, trisomy 13, turner’s syndrome, beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
pentalogy of cantrell

Question 34

Pentalogy of cantrell includes:

Answer 34

omphalocele, ectopic cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects