Fetal Face

Question 1

Facial abnormalities that have been linked with holoprosencephaly:

Answer 1

cebocephaly, ethmocephaly, cyclopia, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Question 2

The ocular diameter is a measurement that is performed from the _______ wall of the orbit to the _____ wall of the same orbit.

Answer 2

lateral/medial

Question 3

The binocular diameter is made from the _______ margin of one orbit to the _____ margin of the other orbit.

Answer 3

lateral/lateral

Question 4

What is termed the absence of the eyes:

Answer 4

anopthalmia

Question 5

Increased distance between the orbits is refereed to as:

Answer 5

hypertelerism

Question 6

Hypertelorism is more accurately diagnosed utilizing the __________ diameter

Answer 6

interocular

Question 7

The most common cause of hypertelorism is :

Answer 7

anterior cephalocele

Question 8

Hypertelorism is associated with ___________ and many chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 8

craniosynostosis

Question 9

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is :

Answer 9

hypotelorism

Question 10

The most common cause of hypoterlorism is :

Answer 10

holoprosencephaly with trisomy 13 being the most frequently associated chromosomal abnormality

Question 11

There is a notalbe link between the absence of the fetal nasal bone and _____

Answer 11

down syndrome

Question 12

The nasal bone can be measured for signs of

Answer 12

hypoplasia

Question 13

Anomalies of the ears, including low-set ears, have been noted with trisomies:

Answer 13

13, 18, 21

Question 14

Small ears, referred to as :

Answer 14

microtia

Question 15

microtia has a strong link with :

Answer 15

trisomy 21

Question 16

The fetal lip typically closed between :

Answer 16

7/8 weeks

Question 17

The fetal palate typically closes

Answer 17

12 weeks

Question 18

an abnormal closure of incomplete closure of lip and palate results in :

Answer 18

cleft lip and cleft palate

Question 19

Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital abnormalities and have been associated with many syndromes and congenital anomalies such as:

Answer 19

holoprosencephaly, trisomy 13, and amniotic band syndrome

Question 20

Cleft lip can be ______, ______ or ____ in location:

Answer 20

unilateral, bilateral, or midline

Question 21

________________ palate is more difficult to diagnose sonographically

Answer 21

isolated cleft

Question 22

_____ and ____ imaging of the face has been shown very effective in discovering cleft lip/palate.

Answer 22

coronal/axial

Question 23

__________ is defined as an unusual protuberance of the tongue

Answer 23

Macroglossia

Question 24

Macroglossia is most commonly associated with:

Answer 24

beckwith-wiedemann syndrome and down syndrome

Question 25

Macroglossia can be difficult to differentiate from ______.

Answer 25

epignathus

Question 26

Teratomas most often contain ______ tissue, while the enlarged tongue of macroglossia will be completely ______.

Answer 26

complex tissue, solid

Question 27

Small mandible and recessed chin:

Answer 27

micrognathia

Question 28

Micrognathia is associated with :

Answer 28

trisomy 13, 18

Question 29

Micrognathia is best visualized in the _____ view of the fetal face.

Answer 29

sagittal