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Maternal/Newborn > Fetal Development > Flashcards

Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A
  • 98% water
  • Slightly alkaline
  • Contains fetal urine, nutrients, hormones, antibodies, skin cells, & lanugo
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2
Q

The average volume of amniotic fluid at birth

A

800-1000mL

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3
Q

(Poly)hydramnios

A

> 2000mL of amniotic fluid

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4
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

<300mL of amniotic fluid

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5
Q

Functions of amniotic fluid

A
  • Maintains even temperature
  • Permits embryo to float and develop symmetrically
  • Aids in the development of lungs and GI
  • Cushions against blows to the abdomen
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6
Q

Placenta

A
  • Temporary organ
  • Forms around week 3 and grows through week 20
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7
Q

Maternal Side of Placenta

A
  • “Raw beefy” appearance
  • “Dirty Duncan”
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8
Q

Fetal Sid of Placenta

A
  • Shiny appearance
  • “Shiny Schultze”
  • Umbilical cord attached in center
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9
Q

Placenta Funtions

A
  • Gas exchange between mother and fetus
  • Nourishment and Excretion
  • Hormone Production
  • Barrier to nicotine, drugs, alcohol, viruses can cross
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10
Q

How does the placenta perform gas exchange

A

2 arteries carry deoxygenated blood to mother and 1 vein carries oxygenated blood to fetus

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11
Q

How does the placenta aid in nourishment and excretion

A

Delivers nutrients and clears fetus’s metabolic waste products

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12
Q

Placenta Hormones

A
  • Influences growth and maintains pregnancy
  • HCG, Estrogen, Progesterone, HPL, Relaxin
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13
Q

Wharton’s Jelly

A

Substance surrounding umbilical cord that keeps the vessels separate to keep the cord from kinking

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14
Q

Pre-embryonic Stage

A

Begins with fertilization through implantation

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15
Q

What does ectoderm form?

A

Skin & nervous system

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16
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A

Lining of gut & internal organs

17
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

A

Muscles, bones, & heart

18
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

Starts around week 4 through end of week 8; size of a pinhead

19
Q

What forms during embryonic stage?

A
  • Tissue differentiation in all organs
  • Week 3: Brain and all 12 cranial nerves present
  • Week 4: Heart forms and starts beating
20
Q

What grows during week 5?

A
  • Lung structure
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Kidneys
  • GI & sensory organs
  • Arm and leg buds appear
21
Q

Week 6

A
  • Hematopoiesis begins (Formation of blood cellular components)
  • Baby the size of a pea
22
Q

Week 7 & 8

A
  • Facial features develop
  • Renal system begins to function
23
Q

Week 8

A
  • Begins to resemble human being
  • Bone cells replacing cartilage
  • Fingers & toes developing
  • Size of kidney bean
24
Q

Fetal Stage

A

Weeks 9-40

25
Q

10-12 weeks

A
  • Heartbeat can be heard by doppler
26
Q

Weeks 11-12

A

Able to make breathing & random movements

27
Q

12 Weeks

A
  • Kidneys producing urine
  • Digestive system shows activity
  • Genitals well differentiated
  • Endocrine organs producing hormones
28
Q

16-20 weeks

A
  • Quickening
  • Lanugo
  • Brown fat
  • Alveoli in lungs forms
  • Fetus can respond to sound
29
Q

Quickening

A

Mother feels fetal movement

30
Q

24 weeks

A
  • Grasp & startle reflex evident
  • Vernix present
  • Nostrils open
  • Respiratory movements occur with practice
  • Alveoli contains some surfactant
31
Q

Surfactant

A

Slippery substance on alveoli that helps keep them open and lowers surface tension to use less energy to breathe

32
Q

28 Weeks

A
  • Lashes & eyebrows present
  • Eyelids can open & close
  • Nervous system beings regulatory functions
  • Testes descend into scrotum
  • Looks like little old man
33
Q

32 Weeks

A
  • Respiration & thermoregulation possible if fetus developed
  • Forming muscles & beginning to store fat
  • Skeleton fully developed but not calcified to ease delivery
  • 4-4.5lbs
33
Q

36 weeks

A
  • Diminishing lanugo
  • Beginning to have “filled out” appearance (more adipose tissue)
  • Soft ear shells and lobes
  • Few creases in hands and feet
33
Q

37-40 weeks

A
  • Skin pink and smooth
  • Vernix in skin folds
  • Lanugo on shoulders and upper back
  • Firm ear shells & lobes
  • Many creases to palms and soles of feet
  • Well developed labia/scrotum w/ rugae
34
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A
  • 2 ova fertilized by separate sperm (fraternal)
  • May be same or different sexes
  • Increases with frequency with increased maternal age & parity, family history (maternal), West African ancestry, and fertility drugs
35
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A
  • 1 ova, 1 sperm; fertilized egg produces 2 fetuses (paternal, identical)
  • Always same sex (same genes)
  • Increase with fertility drugs

Maternal/Newborn (11 decks)

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