Fetal Anomalies - cord

Question 1

aneuploidy is associated with what type of umbilical cord (2)

Answer 1

short and/or thick

Question 2

what is prolapsed cord

Answer 2

cord precedes the fetus in the birthing process

Question 3

multiple cysts are found in the UC. is this significant?

Answer 3

yes. one cyst is NOT significant. multiple cysts are.

Question 4

umbilical cord cysts in 1st trimester versus 2nd and 3rd

Answer 4

1st: resolve

2nd/3rd: associated with trisomy 13 and 21

Question 5

where do cysts develop from?

Answer 5

allantois & omphalomesenteric duct

Question 6

cord tumours (2)

Answer 6

1. hemangioma aka angiomyxomas

2. teratoma

Question 7

what is velamentous & marginal cord insertion? what is it associated with?

Answer 7

UC inserts into the membranes before entering the placenta, not the placental disc.

Assoc with vasa previa

Question 8

abnormal cord doppler (done in 3rd tri) marker of

Answer 8

uteroplacental insufficiency and consequent IUGR/pre-eclampsia

Question 9

UC artery waveform

Answer 9

looks like ICA 40 cm/s

Question 10

UC venous doppler waveform

Answer 10

monophasic, non-pulsatile velocity 10-15 cm/s

Question 11

pulsatile UC venous doppler is pathological UNLESS

Answer 11

early pregnancy, confused with fetal breathing, hiccups