Fetal and Neontal physiology Flashcards
How do you calculate gestational age?
fertilization age + 2 weeks
Growth occurs via a combination of what type of cell changes?
Hyperplasia, and hypertrophy
what is the 3 sequential phases of growth?
- pure hyperplasia
- hyperplasia and concomitant hypertophy
- hypertorphy alone
what is the primary form of placental growth?
hypertrophy
what is intrauterine growth restriction caused by?
abnormal growth and development and risk factors include: birth asphyxia, hypoglycemia hypocalcemia, meconium aspiration, pulmonary htn, pulmonary hemorrhage and etc.
-may be due to decreased placental reserve
At what week does heart begin to form?
week 4
What is the initial hr and final hr immediately before brith
65 and 140
Where does blood cell formation begin, 6th month, 12th month?
yolk sac –> liver –> bone marrow
By when does Hb begin to grow?
week 3
When does the fetus start to ingest amniotic fluid?
2nd trimester and continues throughout
by what week does the fetus began to accumulate rapidly_
12
when the does the fetus begin to pee?
2nd trimester
When does full development of renal contorl and regulation of EC volume, electorlyte balance, acid-base balance finish by?
Few months after birth. The contorl doesn’t start until late fetal period
True or false: a small amount of luids are secreted into the lungs by alveolar epithelium up until birth even though the the lungs are deflacted and does not perfrom respiration.
True
what are the stimuli for initiation of breathing at birth?
- asphyxiation during birth
- sudden drop in ambient temp and cooling of skin
How much pressure is needed to uplist the surface tension of the alveoli at birth
> 25 mmHg. luckily neonates are able to generate about 60 mmHg of negative presure in the intrapleural space and the 1st inspiration takes in about 40 mL of air
what governs the unique blood flow in the fetus?
4 shunts: placenta; ductus venosus; foramen ovale; ductus arteriosus
From the umbilical vein, the blood goes to what shunt next
Enters the ductus venosus, helps bypass the liver, to go to the inferior vena cava
Where does the blood enter after the vena cava?
Goes to the right atrium and then goes through the foramen ovale to go to the left atrium
About what % of the blood that enters the right atright goes through the foramen ovale to the LV? where does the rest go?
About 27% goes through foramen ovale. The rest goes tot he RV and then go the pulnary trunk
Where does the blood go from pulmonary trunk ?
Goes through the ductus arteriosus and goes to the aorta.
if there was increased prostaglandins during birth, what would happen to the ductus arteriosus?
it will remain open - patent ductus arteriosus
what changes in resistance/pressure take place at birth?
- increase in aortic pressure
- increase in pressure in LV and LA
- pulmonary vascular resistance decrease due to lung expansion
- resistance of blood through lungs is reduced which reduces pulmonary arterial pressure and RV pressure and RA pressure
which vaccine is necessary for the baby within first month of life?
pertussus
