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LC Unit 2 > Fertilization > Flashcards

Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

Sperm Structure

A

p

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2
Q

Sperm Head

A

Head contains haploid highly condensed chromatin (protamine critical to hold it tightly)

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3
Q

Sperm Tail

A

Flagellar ciliary - 9+2 axoneme microtubules

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4
Q

Fertilization Sequence

A

Ovulation & oviductal collection of oocyte -> sperm capacitation (now capable of fert) -> sperm transverses the cumulus oophorus –> interacts w/ zona pellucida & acrosome rxn -> penetrates zona pellucida -> fusion -> oocyte activation -> male pronuclei formation

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5
Q

Sperm Capacitation

A

Ca dependent tyrosine kinase driven -> P of several proteins Means now capable of acrosome rxn

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6
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Shell-like, several microns thick ZP3 - seems to be sperm receptor

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7
Q

Cortical Granules

A

As soon as one fuses, they release their contents and stop other sperm from fusing

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8
Q

Embryo Development

A

Day 2- 2 cells 3 - 4 cells blastomere 4- 8 begin to become morula (grape) and cavitation 5- blastocyst with cavity filled center (blastocele) Grow this far for in vitro before fertilization

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9
Q

Implantation

A

Occurs 5/6 day Decidualization makes the uterus more hospitable (accumulation glycogen, lipids, change in ECM, prolactin, IGFBP-1 production) begins after ovulation but doesn’t complete unless pregnancy

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10
Q

Hatching

A

Day 6-7 blastocyst escapes zona pellucida

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11
Q

Uterine Receptivity

A

Days 20-14 of menstrual cycle Decrease proliferation & estrogen Formation of pinopods/microvilli on surface Downreg of progesterone receptor

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12
Q

Apposition

A

1st implantation stage Blastocyst gets close to lumin of uterus and interdigitation of microvilli

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13
Q

Adhesion

A

Close penetration of invading trophectoderm into epithelium always adheres with inner cell mass on uterine side

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14
Q

Invasion

A

Decidualization more pronounced Epithelium closes behind it

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15
Q

Cytotrophoblasts

A

In charge of invasion of endometrium Express unusual HLA-C,G,E antigens so not recognized as antigen

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16
Q

Syncytiotrophoblasts

A

Form the placenta for exchange of nutrients No MHC antigens so mom doesn’t react

17
Q

Decidua Terminology

A

p

18
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Invades abnormally deep into the endometrium (50%) Increta - >50% Ecreta - through uterus and into other organs

19
Q

Dx Ectopic Pregnancy

A

hCG doubles every 48 hours to help to differentiate b/w abnormal and early preg by hCG >2000 should be able to see pregnancy so then move to terminate ectopic preg

LC Unit 2 (8 decks)

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