Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CK GYne > Fertility Control > Flashcards

Fertility Control Flashcards

1
Q

These are locally active devices preventing entry of sperm in through the cervix, thus preventing pregnancy.

A

BARRIER-SPERMICIDAL METHODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BARRIER-SPERMICIDAL METHODS Advanatges

A

Barrier methods become increasingly effective with advancing age and the associated natural decline in fertility.

They do protect against some STDs.

They do not have systemic
side effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Failure rate of BARRIER-SPERMICIDAL METHODS

A

approaches 20%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

They are the most common barrier contraceptive method used.

A

Condoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is a dome-shaped device placed in the anterior and posterior vaginal fornices holding spermicidal jelly against the cervix. It can be placed an hour before intercourse.

A

Vaginal diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Disadv of Vaginal diaphragm

A

Individual fitting is required. If too large a size is used, it can result in urinary retention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The active ingredient is nonoxynol-9, a surface-active agent that disrupts
cell membranes, thus the possible side effect of genital membrane irritation

A

Spermicides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

These include inhibition of the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, thus preventing ovulation;

alteration of cervical mucus making it thick and viscid, thus retarding sperm penetration; and alteration of endometrium inhibiting blastocyst implantation

A

STEROID CONTRACEPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanism of Action of Steroid Contraception

Pituitary _____
Ovary_______
Endometrium_____
Cervix ______

A

↓ LH surge

↓ ovulation

Atrophy

Hostile mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Estrogen effect of steroid hormones

 1
2
3
4
5
A

fluid retention from decreased sodium
excretion;

accelerated development of cholelithiasis;

increase in hepatic protein production

healthy lipid profile changes

and increased venous and arterial thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hepatic proteins are increased with estrogenic effects of steroid hormones

A

(e.g., coagulation factors, carrier proteins, angiotensinogen);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lipid changes of estrogen

A

(increase in high-density lipoproteins [HDL]; decrease in low-density lipoproteins [LDL]);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Progestin-Mediated Metabolic Effects of steroid hormones

A

These include mood changes and depression from decreased serotonin levels; androgenic effects (e.g., weight gain, acne); and unhealthy lipid profile changes (decreased HDL, increased LDL).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Absolute Contraindications of steroid hormones

A

acute liver disease; history of vascular
disease cerebrovascular accident
[CVA], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]); hormonally dependent cancer (e.g., breast);
smoker ≥35; uncontrolled hypertension; migraines with aura; diabetes mellitus with vascular disease; and known thrombophilias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Relative Contraindications of steroid hormones.

A

These include migraine headaches, depression, diabetes mellitus,
chronic hypertension, and hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Noncontraceptive Benefits of steroid hormones

A

These include decreased ovarian and endometrial cancer; decreased dysmenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding; and decreased PID and ectopic
pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Noncontraceptive Benefits of steroid hormones usually from what component

A

Mostly Progestin Component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

These contain both an estrogen and a progestin. They are administered
most commonly in one of two ways: daily with 21 days on and 7 days off or daily 24 days on
and 4 days off

A

Combination OCPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

COCP

When “off” the hormones, _____will occur

A

withdrawal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

COCP failure rate

A

Failure rate is 2% with ideal use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A unique combination of OCP (YAZ) reduces severe PMDD symptoms by 50%. It contains______ and a new progestin, _____. The dosing is 24 days of active pills then 4 days of placebo, rather than the traditional 21 days

A

ethynyl estradiol

drospirenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Marketed under the trade name of NuvaRing, this device, inserted into the vagina, contains both an estrogen and a progestin. It is removed after 3 weeks for 1 week to allow for a withdrawal bleed.

A

Combination Vaginal Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Combination Vaginal Ring failure rate

A

2%

24
Q

Marketed under the trade name of Ortho Evra, this patch contains both an estrogen and a progestin. A patch is replaced every week for 3 weeks then removed for 1
week to allow for a withdrawal bleed.

A

Transdermal Skin Patch

25
Q

They contain only progestins and are sometimes called the “minipill.”

They need to be taken daily and continuously.

A frequent side effect is break-through bleeding.

A

POP

26
Q

POP failure rate

A

Failure rate is 3% with ideal use.

27
Q

Marketed under the trade name of Depo-Provera, this is an IM injection of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The slow release allows administration
only every 3 months.

A

Progestin-Only Injectable

28
Q

SE of DMPA

A

A frequent side effect is break-through bleeding. Other side effects are prolonged time for fertility return and decreased bone mineral density

29
Q

Failure rate of DMPA

A

Failure rate is <1%.

30
Q

Progestin-Only Subcutaneous Implant. Marketed under the trade name of Nexplanon, this uses _______ as the active ingredient

A

etonogestrel

31
Q

Progestin-Only Subcutaneous Implant contains small amount of _____ making
it visible on x-ray.

A

barium,

32
Q

Progestin-Only Subcutaneous Implant

The continuous release continues for ____

A

3 years

33
Q

Progestin-Only Subcutaneous Implant

failure rate

A

Failure rate is <1%.

34
Q

“Morning-After” Pill. Marketed under the trade name of “Plan B,” it uses ______

A

levonorgestrel tablets.

35
Q

“Morning-After” Pill failure rate

A

Failure rate is <1%.

36
Q 
Mechanisms of Action of IUD
1
2
3
4
5
A

inhibition of sperm transport;

increased tubal motility causing failure of implantation of immature zygote;

inhibition of implantation secondary to
endometrial inflammation;

phagocytic destruction of sperm and blastocyst;

and alteration of cervical mucus

37
Q

alteration of cervical mucus only for

A

only progesterone IUSs).

38
Q

Absolute Contraindications for IUD include a
1
2
3

A

confirmed or suspected pregnancy;

known or suspected pelvic malignancy;

undiagnosed vaginal bleeding; and

known or suspected salpingitis

39
Q

Relative Contraindications for IUD

A

abnormal uterine size or shape; medical condition (e.g., corticosteroid
therapy, valvular heart disease, or any instance of immune suppression increasing the risk of infection); nulligravidity; abnormal Pap smears; and history of ectopic pregnancy

40
Q

IUD

The LNG-containing IUS is effective for ______years, the copper T-380A is effective for ____ years, making it potentially the
least expensive contraceptive available.

A

5

10

41
Q

This patient’s recent _______ is a significant risk factor for IUS use. Most of the increased risk of infection actually attributable to IUS use is within 20 days after infection

A

chlamydia infection

42
Q

_______ could also be a relative contraindication because they
alter the shape of the endometrial cavity or cause heavy bleeding

A

Uterine fibroids

43
Q

Ectopic pregnancy in IUD

A

The IUS does not increase ectopic pregnancies. However, with
pregnancy from failed IUS, the likelihood of it being ectopic is higher because primarily,
intrauterine pregnancies are prevente

44
Q

A levonorgestrel-impregnated (LNG) IUS that releases the hormone gradually over 5 years.

Bleeding and cramping may be decreased. Failure rate is <1%.

A

“Mirena.”

45
Q

______. A smaller (LNG) IUS similar to Mirena but effective for only 3 years. Failure rate
is <1%.

A

Skyla

46
Q

________ Marketed under the trade name “Paraguard,” this copper-banded
IUS releases copper gradually over 10 years. Bleeding and cramping may be increased

A

Copper T-380A IUS.

47
Q

Disadv of coitus interuptus

A

High failure rates. No protection against STDs. High degree of discipline
required. Semen can enter vagina and cervical mucus prior to ejaculation.

48
Q

plain water, vinegar and other products are used immediately after
orgasm to theoretically flush semen out of the vagina. It has a long history of use in the
United States.

A

With vaginal douche,

49
Q

With lactation, elevated_____ with exclusive breastfeeding inhibit pulsatile secretion
of GnRH from the hypothalamus

A

prolactin levels

50
Q

Effectiveness of LAM

A

Effectiveness is dependent on the frequency (at least every 4-6 hours day & night) and intensity (infant suckling rather than pumping) of milk removal.

51
Q

Disadvantages of LAM:

A

High failure rate if not exclusively breastfeeding. Reliable for only up to
6 months. No protection against STDs.

52
Q

Tubal Ligation

Destruction or removal of a segment of the oviduct is performed in an operating
room through a transabdominal approach usually using a

A

laparoscopy or minilaparotom

53
Q

Failure rate of Tubal Ligation

A

Failure rate is 1 in 200

54
Q

Destruction or removal of a segment of vas deferens is performed as an outpatient
procedure using local anesthesia

A

Vasectomy.

55
Q

Vasectomy failure rate

A

Failure rate is 1 in 500

56
Q

A successful Vasectomy can be

confirmed by

A

absence of sperm on a semen specimen obtained 12 ejaculations after the surgery.

57
Q

Sperm antibodies can be found in _____ of vasectomized patients.

A

50%

CK GYne (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions