Fertility Flashcards
What percent does male and female infertility account for fertility problems?
35-40%
What are 5 things that can cause female infertility?
- Failure to ovulate
- Blockage of reproductive tract
- Repeated miscarriages
- Absence/malformation of part of reproductive tract
- Hormone imbalance
What are 4 things that can cause male infertility?
- Low sperm count
- Low testosterone levels and/or FSH levels
- Poor sperm motility
- Absence/malformation of reproductive
structure
What effects can STI’s have on conception?
Sexually transmitted infections, if left
untreated, can leave scar tissue that cause
blockage in male or female reproductive
tracts
What STI’s are viral?
- HPV
- Genital herpes
- HIV (AIDS)
What STI’s are bacterial?
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
What are the two types of artificial insemination?
- IUI
- Intravaginal
What is the IUI method?
Intrauterine insemination; uses catheter to deposit sperm into uterus
What is the intravaginal method?
Via syringe; sperm inserted into women’s vagina
What are the five steps of In-vitro fertilization?
- hormone therapy and superovulation - stimulate ovaries to produce numerous mature follicles
- Eggs are extracted surgically or via transvaginal ultrasound
- Sperm are donated (by father or unknown man)
- Egg and sperm put into petri dish - stimulated to fertilize
- Zygote forms, undergoes cleavage, and is inserted via catheter
What is surrogacy?
- Mother and father each donate
egg & sperm - IVF performed
- Embryo transfer to surrogate mother
What are three methods that can determine if there is something wrong with the pregnancy?
- Chorionic villi sampling - can happen early
- Amniocentesis - 2nd trimester *Spina bifida detection
- Karyotyping *Trisomy *monosomy
Who normally has fetal diagnosis done?
- Pregnant mothers over age 35
- Higher incidence of non-disjunction
during meiosis - People who have a family history of genetic diseases in their families
