Fertilisers + Haber Process

Question 0

Making nitrogenous fertilisers

Answer 0

Use ammonia

Question 1

What do fertilisers contain

Answer 1

Soluble nitrogen compounds

Question 2

Making ammonia

Answer 2

Haver process

Question 3

Reversible reaction

Answer 3

Can react both ways

Question 4

Haver process

Answer 4

Nitrogen from air reacts with hydrogen from natural gas to form ammonia

Question 5

Type of reaction when ammonia is formed

Answer 5

Exothermic

Question 6

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 6

Forward and backwards of reversible reaction happening simultaneously at same rate

Question 7

Haber process: increase pressure

Answer 7

Increases yield and cost to do

Question 8

Haber process: higher temp and why

Answer 8

Move to left , to favour endothermic reaction

Decrease yield

Question 9

Haber process:Low temp

Answer 9

High yield, long time

Question 10

Why high temp used for haver process

Answer 10

Increase rate if reaction, reach dynamic equilibrium quickly

Question 11

Normal Haber process conditions

Answer 11

Iron catalyst
Temp: 450*c
Pressure : 200 atmospheres

Question 12

What is yeast

Answer 12

Single felled fungus used for fermentation

Question 13

Fermentation

Answer 13

Sugar—-yeast—-> ethanol carbon dioxide

Question 14

Conditions required for fermentation

Answer 14

Anaerobic (air causes h2o and co2),warm (too low to slow,too high kills yeast)

Question 15

Ethanol from crude oil

Answer 15

Hydration, ethene + steam—catalyst—> Ethanol

Question 16

Advantages of each method of ethanol production

Answer 16

Hydration produces almost 100% ethene

Fermentation uses renewable resources

Question 17

Making ethene

Answer 17

Dehydration- heating ethanol with catalyst

Question 18

Homologous series

Answer 18

Same feature different number of carbon atoms

Question 19

What element is present in alcohols but not hydrocarbons

Answer 19

Oxygen

Question 20

Hydroxyl group

Answer 20

OH

Question 21

General formula for alkenes

Answer 21

CnH2n

Question 22

Alkanes general formula

Answer 22

CnH2n+2

Question 23

Making ethanoic acid

Answer 23

Ethanol reacts with air

Question 24

Conditions for producing ethanoic acid

Answer 24

Oxygen, it’s oxidation

Question 25

Ethanoic acids homologous series

Answer 25

Carboxylic acids

Question 26

Ethanoic acid + base /carbonate

Answer 26

Ethanoate (salts)

Question 27

Carboxylic group

Answer 27

Cooh

Question 28

General formula for Carboxylic acids

Answer 28

CnH2nO2

Question 29

Where do esters naturally occur

Answer 29

Fruits

Question 30

Use of esters

Answer 30

Sweet flavourings

Question 31

Forming esters

Answer 31

Carboxylic acid + alcohols

Question 32

Ethanoic acid + ethanol

Answer 32

Ethyl ethanoate + water

Question 33

Many esters in a chain

Answer 33

Polyester

Question 34

Advantage of polyester

Answer 34

Can be recycled

Question 35

What are fats and oils

Answer 35

Big esters(long chain)

Question 36

Sodium stearate

Answer 36

Soap

Question 37

Making sodium stearate

Answer 37

NaOH + glycerol tristerate —> glycerol + sodium stearate

Question 38

General equation for making soap

Answer 38

Concentrated alkali + oil/fat —-> soap + glycerol

Question 39

What are soaps

Answer 39

Salts of long chain Carboxylic acids

Question 40

Head of soap

Answer 40

Hydrophillic

Question 41

Soap tail

Answer 41

Long chain of hydrophobic carbon atoms

Question 42

What part of soap sticks to grease

Answer 42

Hydrophobic (tail)

Question 43

Turning oils to fat

Answer 43

Catalytic hydrogenation

Question 44

Catalytic hydrogenination

Answer 44

Saturate double bonds with hydrogen with a metal catalyst (usually nickel)

Question 45

General formula for alcohol

Answer 45

CnH2n+1OH

Question 46

Acid + litmus paper

Answer 46

Damp blue turns red

Question 47

What’s made from ethanoic acid and calcium

Answer 47

Hydrogen

Question 48

NaOH + HCL

Answer 48

—-> NaCl + H2o