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C3 > Fertilisers + Haber Process > Flashcards

Fertilisers + Haber Process Flashcards

0
Q

Making nitrogenous fertilisers

A

Use ammonia

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1
Q

What do fertilisers contain

A

Soluble nitrogen compounds

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2
Q

Making ammonia

A

Haver process

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3
Q

Reversible reaction

A

Can react both ways

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4
Q

Haver process

A

Nitrogen from air reacts with hydrogen from natural gas to form ammonia

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5
Q

Type of reaction when ammonia is formed

A

Exothermic

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6
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Forward and backwards of reversible reaction happening simultaneously at same rate

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7
Q

Haber process: increase pressure

A

Increases yield and cost to do

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8
Q

Haber process: higher temp and why

A

Move to left , to favour endothermic reaction

Decrease yield

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9
Q

Haber process:Low temp

A

High yield, long time

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10
Q

Why high temp used for haver process

A

Increase rate if reaction, reach dynamic equilibrium quickly

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11
Q

Normal Haber process conditions

A

Iron catalyst
Temp: 450*c
Pressure : 200 atmospheres

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12
Q

What is yeast

A

Single felled fungus used for fermentation

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13
Q

Fermentation

A

Sugar—-yeast—-> ethanol carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Conditions required for fermentation

A

Anaerobic (air causes h2o and co2),warm (too low to slow,too high kills yeast)

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15
Q

Ethanol from crude oil

A

Hydration, ethene + steam—catalyst—> Ethanol

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16
Q

Advantages of each method of ethanol production

A

Hydration produces almost 100% ethene

Fermentation uses renewable resources

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17
Q

Making ethene

A

Dehydration- heating ethanol with catalyst

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18
Q

Homologous series

A

Same feature different number of carbon atoms

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19
Q

What element is present in alcohols but not hydrocarbons

A

Oxygen

20
Q

Hydroxyl group

A

OH

21
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

22
Q

Alkanes general formula

A

CnH2n+2

23
Q

Making ethanoic acid

A

Ethanol reacts with air

24
Q

Conditions for producing ethanoic acid

A

Oxygen, it’s oxidation

25
Q

Ethanoic acids homologous series

A

Carboxylic acids

26
Q

Ethanoic acid + base /carbonate

A

Ethanoate (salts)

27
Q

Carboxylic group

A

Cooh

28
Q

General formula for Carboxylic acids

A

CnH2nO2

29
Q

Where do esters naturally occur

A

Fruits

30
Q

Use of esters

A

Sweet flavourings

31
Q

Forming esters

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohols

32
Q

Ethanoic acid + ethanol

A

Ethyl ethanoate + water

33
Q

Many esters in a chain

A

Polyester

34
Q

Advantage of polyester

A

Can be recycled

35
Q

What are fats and oils

A

Big esters(long chain)

36
Q

Sodium stearate

A

Soap

37
Q

Making sodium stearate

A

NaOH + glycerol tristerate —> glycerol + sodium stearate

38
Q

General equation for making soap

A

Concentrated alkali + oil/fat —-> soap + glycerol

39
Q

What are soaps

A

Salts of long chain Carboxylic acids

40
Q

Head of soap

A

Hydrophillic

41
Q

Soap tail

A

Long chain of hydrophobic carbon atoms

42
Q

What part of soap sticks to grease

A

Hydrophobic (tail)

43
Q

Turning oils to fat

A

Catalytic hydrogenation

44
Q

Catalytic hydrogenination

A

Saturate double bonds with hydrogen with a metal catalyst (usually nickel)

45
Q

General formula for alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

46
Q

Acid + litmus paper

A

Damp blue turns red

47
Q

What’s made from ethanoic acid and calcium

A

Hydrogen

48
Q

NaOH + HCL

A

—-> NaCl + H2o

C3 (5 decks)

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