fertilisation

Question 1

what is fertilisation?

Answer 1

the successful penetration of an ovum by a sperm that results in ….

Question 2

what are the 5 points of fertilisation?

Answer 2

1. sperm penetrates the ovum
2. chemical reaction occurs making the ovum inpenetrable to other sperm
3. sperm looses its tail and only the head remains
4. 2 sex cells with 23 chromosomes merge to produce a new cell
5. new 23 chromosome pairs contain all information to form a person

Question 3

what triggers ovulation?

Answer 3

surge in luteinising hormone on day 14

Question 4

what happens in ovulation?

Answer 4

ovum is swept into the fallopian tube where for the next 12-24 hours it awaits fertilisation as it travels down to the uterus

Question 5

what is the germinal stage?

Answer 5

the first stage of prenatal development measured from the moment of conception until implantation (2 weeks)

Question 6

what are the last 4 points of the germinal stage?

Answer 6

• blastocyst contains 64 cells
• attaches itself to the endometrium to find nourishment
• implantation occurs 6 days after conception

Question 7

what are the first 4 points of the germinal stage?

Answer 7

• 1st cell division (zygote)
• mitosis continues group of 16-20 cells called a moroula
• differentiation occurs
• mourola becomes a blastocyst and continues to move down the fallopian tube

Question 8

what does HCG do?

Answer 8

human chronic gonadotrophin interrupts the normal menstrual cycle and prevents the embryo from being lost

Question 9

what is the embryonic stage?

Answer 9

2nd stage of prenatal development measured from implantation until the end of the 8th week

Question 10

what is the key characteristic of the embryonic stage?

Answer 10

cells continue to differentiate and form three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and placenta

Question 11

what is the ectoderm?

Answer 11

forms backbone, spine and brain

Question 12

what is the mesoderm?

Answer 12

heart, circulatory system, muscles, bones

Question 13

what is the placenta?

Answer 13

vital organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo and removes waste products

Question 14

what is the foetal stage?

Answer 14

starts at the end of the 8th week and continues until birth (approx 40 weeks)

Question 15

what are the key characteristics of the foetal stage?

Answer 15

• rapid growth and all organs/ systems are formed
• placenta is fully developed and sex organs start to develop
• fat is deposited under the skin to help with temperature regulation

Question 16

what is a risk factor?

Answer 16

things that increase the chance of developing a problem or making the problem worse, affecting wellbeing and causing harm, injury, or death

Question 17

how does smoking effect the foetus?

Answer 17

reduces the oxygen supply and blood flow to the foetus via the placentah

Question 18

how does nicotine impact the foetus?

Answer 18

increases its heart rate and reduces movement

Question 19

how can smoking impact the focus post birth?

Answer 19

associated with LBW babys, small for gestational age, premature birth, and perinatal death

Question 20

who is more likely to smoke?

Answer 20

low SES area mothers, indigenous mothers, young mothers, very remote area mothers

Question 21

when is drinking most dangerous?

Answer 21

the 1st trimester (when women often don’t know they are pregnant