Fertile Crescent & India*

Question 1

1. Pastoral nomads are similar to settled farmers in that they both

Answer 1

Domesticate animals

Question 2

2. As the Aryans arrived in India, what notable aspect of their culture did they bring with them?

Answer 2

Rigid class structure

Question 3

4. In order to ensure a sustainable harvest, both Mesopotamia and Indus Valley city-states had to do which of the following?

Answer 3

Develop complex irrigation systems

Question 4

3. Scholars believe that Indus Valley cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were

Answer 4

City-States probably controlled by an organized group of merchants, landowners or priests

Question 5

5. In the Indus Valley, between 1900 and 1700BC, distinct local cultures began to emerge because of

Answer 5

The collapse of Harappan trade networks and farms following a natural disaster

Question 6

6. I. Planned Cities II. Silk Production III. Elaborate sewage systems. Which of the following were achievements of the Harappan civilization?

Answer 6

I and III only

Question 7

7. Scholars have more difficulty learning about the Harappans than Ancient Egyptians because

Answer 7

Unlike hieroglyphics, Harappan writing has not yet been deciphered

Question 8

8. As new civilizations came to power in the Fertile Crescent, what happened to the cultural heritages of the civilizations already there?

Answer 8

They were adopted and adapted by newcomers

Question 9

9. The development of which of the following military innovations explains why the Hittites eventually dominated Mesopotamia?

Answer 9

Iron weapons

Question 10

10. A major reason for the collapse of Mesopotamian cultures was

Answer 10

Constant invasions from competing groups

Question 11

11. In Mesopotamia, writing was used primarily to

Answer 11

Record business transactions and legal codes

Question 12

12. What does the Code of Hammurabi reveal about Sumerian society?

Answer 12

Sumer emphasized a strict system of justice

Question 13

13. What does the prominence of the ziggurat suggest about the Sumerians?

Answer 13

Religion was integral to the economic, political and social aspects of daily life

Question 14

14. The patriarch of Judaism is

Answer 14

Abraham

Question 15

15. Which of the following is NOT as aspect of Judaism?

Answer 15

The existence of complimentary forces in nature

Question 16

16. As the Harappan culture declined, wo rose to power in the Indus Valley?

Answer 16

Aryans

Question 17

17. Why were sophisticated irrigation systems needed to support the agricultural system of the Harappan cities?

Answer 17

There had to be a way to control the monsoon floods during the rainy season

Question 18

18. A major result of the development of Judaism was

Answer 18

The spawning of other monotheistic religions of Christianity and Islam

Question 19

19. Which best describes Zoroastrianism?

Answer 19

A dualistic religion concerning good and evil

Question 20

20. The distinguishing future of polytheism is

Answer 20

A belief in the existence of multiple deities

Question 21

21. In India, members of the unskilled laborer class were in which varna?

Answer 21

Sudras

Question 22

22. Which of the following was a Harappan innovation for indicating ownership of items?

Answer 22

Carved seal

Question 23

23. According to the Aryans, the people who had inhabited the Indus Valley before them were referred to as

Answer 23

Dasas

Question 24

25. Cuneiform, Amorites and Phoenicians would all be associated with which culture?

Answer 24

Mesopotamian

Question 24

24. The Indus Valley is still somewhat of a mystery to archeologists because

Answer 24

The written language is still a mystery

Question 25

26. Which of the following explains why the rule of Mauryan ruler Asoka is described as “enlightened?”

Answer 25

Asoka attempted to improve his empire by benevolent (thoughtful) behavior and social reform

Question 26

27. How did dharma relate to the caste system?

Answer 26

Dharma imposed different requirements on different castes

Question 27

28. The Eightfold path is the Buddhist equivalent to the Jewish

Answer 27

Ten Commandments

Question 28

29. Which of the following is NOT true about the Four Noble Truths?

Answer 28

It was adopted from Hebrew philosophy

Question 29

30. All of the following are elements of Hindu doctrine EXCEPT:

Answer 29

Nirvana

Question 30

31. Gupta mathematics accomplished which of the following during their Golden Age?

Answer 30

Concept of zero

Question 31

32. All of the following are true about the Golden Age of India that occurred during the Gupta Dynasty EXCEPT

Answer 31

a codified legal system known as the Laws of the Twelve Tables was created.

Question 32

33. Both the Mauryan ruler Asoka and the Babylonian king Hammurabi used which of the following to enforce good citizenship and behavior?

Answer 32

Carving stone pillars that listed moral principles and laws

Question 33

34. Which of the following is NOT correct about Hinduism?

Answer 33

It claims the existence of one supreme force known as moksha.

Question 34

35. The Hindu concept of samsara refers to the

Answer 34

reincarnation of the soul after death.

Question 35

36. Which of these best describes how the Code of Hammurabi addressed differences in social status?

Answer 35

Punishments were scaled depending on social status. People of lower social standing received harsher punishments.

Question 36

37. What characteristic of the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers made it ideal for the growth of civilization?

Answer 36

Its soil was enlarged and enriched by river silt deposits.

Question 37

38. Scholars believe that Indus Valley cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were

Answer 37

Efficiently governed, as evidenced by their layout and sophisticated plumbing

Question 38

39. Chandragupta Maurya is significant because he

Answer 38

was the founder of the Mauryan Empire.

Question 39

40. What was one effect of the Indian caste system shown below?

Answer 39

Buddhism gained support among unskilled workers and outcastes.

Question 40

***Short Answer: Choose two River Valleys & explain the geography of the region. Did the people benefit from the geography or fall victim to the geography?

Answer 40

The Nile river is located in Egypt. It’s surrounded by dessert making it beneficial for the Egyptians, working as a form of protection from invaders. But the dessert also made it hard for the egyptians to be able to trade.

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers would flood and enrich the soil from its silt deposits. Making it beneficial for the people living there for farming. Being able to support a large amount of people.

Question 41

***Short Answer: What is the benefit of having an irregular coastline?

Answer 41

The ability to protect ships was a huge benefit of having an irregular coastline.

Question 42

***Short Answer: What evidence is there that the Egyptians were a deeply religious people?

Answer 42

We know that the Egyptians were deeply religious people because of the preserved texts and representations with religious context that have been found.