ferret

Question 1

Phimosis and paraphimosis in two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 1

Paraphimosis (stuck out); phimosis (stuck in). paraphimosis was due to a constriction/shortening of the preputial skin (repaired surgically). Phimosis due to dermatitis/adhesions of penis to mucosal tissue (repaired surgically). both did well.

Question 2

Management of hyperkalemia and associated complications in a ferret with urinary obstruction requiring surgery

Answer 2

Had stones in bladder and urethra, totally obstructed. Potassium normalized via saline, dextrose, insulin, and terbutaline. Terbutaline was added to the therapeutic regime as a result of persistent hyperkalemia. Severe hypotension developed during anesthesia which can be partially attributed to the peripheral vasodilatory effect of terbutaline. Hypoglycemia developed as a result of failure to monitor blood glucose level frequently during surgery and suboptimal regime used for insulin and dextrose.

Question 3

Hypofractionated radiation therapy for treatment of an adrenal mass in a ferret

Answer 3

No discussion of why they picked this (in the abstract). 30 Gray administered in 5 weekly fractions. The volume of the irradiated adrenal mass was serially quantified via the weekly cone beam CT. The adrenal mass volume decreased by 88% over the 10-month period. The ferret was euthanized 10 months postradiation therapy due to progressive co-morbidities - had systemic mycobacteriosis.

Question 4

Labial button technique for the treatment of a unilateral caudal mandibular fracture in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 4

traumatic caudal mandibular fracture (dog bite). placed an esophagostomy tube and did the labial button technique (no specifics in abstract). Ferret did very well.

Question 5

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) following a partial pancreatectomy

Answer 5

Following surgery, the ferret’s mentation progressed from mentally dull to obtunded and it was persistently hyperglycemic. The ferret was hospitalized for 96 hours after surgery and during this time, developed hypokalemia followed by hyperkalemia, azotemia, and persistent hyperglycemia. It was calculated to have a serum osmolality in excess of 350 mOsm, a hyperglycemia in excess of 600 mg/dL, and an absence of ketonuria,

Question 6

Reference interval determination of venous blood gas, hematologic, and biochemical parameters in healthy sedated, neutered ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 6

doesn’t say what they sedated with. got normals for the NOVA which I’m not going to remember, so whee.

Question 7

Evaluation of erythrocyte morphology and prevalence of poikilocytes in peripheral blood of sick domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 7

No ferrets had eccentrocytes or basophilic stippling:
The most frequently observed RBC abnormalities were
- echinocytes (86.7%),
- polychromatophils (66.2%), and
- Howell-Jolly bodies (14.4%).

The presence of poikilocytes that are often considered to be of pathologic significance was noted 12 times in 9 ferrets: schizocytes (n = 7), codocytes (n = 3), acanthocytes (n = 1), and keratocytes (n = 1). Significantly higher numbers of acanthocytes and schizocytes were observed in ferrets with lymphoma. However, schizocytes were also observed with gastrointestinal disease.

Question 8

A case of otitis interna in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 8

acute onset 2 d hx circling, falling to right, horizontal nystagmus fast to left. Did an MRI to confirm otitis interna. Hosp on abx, pred, fluids; completely resolved after 5 d.

Question 9

Comparative characterization of the prostate gland in intact, and surgically and chemically neutered ferrets

Answer 9

deslorelin works as well as neutering in reducing prostate size/devel. either is fine.

Question 10

Diagnosis and long-term management of blastomycosis in two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 10

2 ferrets with blasto, started respiratory, progressed to CNS; monitored bw, urine blasto testing, rads. Both managed with antifungals for 3 years until they died of other things; neither were cleared of the fungus.

Question 11

Presentation and survival time of domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with lymphoma treated with single- and multiagent protocols: 44 cases (1998–2016)

Answer 11

no specifications about type of lymphoma; variety of treatment options. Ferrets treated with modified COP had MST of 429 days, ferrets treated with no-IV protocol had MST of 79 days, but most were lost to follow up, so no conclusions could be made.

Question 12

Revision surgery of an olecranon fracture after initial surgical treatment failure in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 12

pin and tension band for initial repair; the pin bent and the repair failed; used a modified plate thingy and it got better.

Question 13

Diagnosis and Treatment of Histoplasmosis in a Group of Four Domestic Ferrets (Mustela Putorius Furo) and a Review of Histoplasmosis

Answer 13

whole family of ferrets (4 from same household). first one got sickest, chronic GI stuff; serum AGID was negative but urine test was positive. ferret ended up being euthanized b/c fungal infection was in entire body and it did poorly. Other 3 ferrets all infected but less badly; tx with itraconazole and apparently resolved.

Question 14

Paraplegia in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo) Secondary to Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Myxoid Differentiation

Answer 14

i mean it seriously is just the title all over again

Question 15

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF A PARARENAL PSEUDOCYST IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

Answer 15

ureter ligated during spay; presented for the hydronephrosis/pseudocyst 7 months later! holy shit, 7 months? nephrectomy, did well.

Question 16

CLINICAL VALUE OF FRUCTOSAMINE MEASUREMENTS AND FRUCTOSAMINE-ALBUMIN RATIO IN HYPOGLYCEMIC FERRETS (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

Answer 16

there isn’t one

Question 17

MULTIFOCAL EMBRYONAL TUMOR IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

Answer 17

JFC poor ferret and poor owners. had chronic otitis media/interna, treated for that, then developed T3-L3 signs, then brain signs; died in hospital; found the tumor on necropsy.

Question 18

Surgical Treatment of Congenital Vesicourachal Diverticulum Associated with Ureteral and Vesical Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo)

Answer 18

i mean basically it is what it says in the title

Question 19

Measurement of Tear Production Using Schirmer Tear Test and Standardized Endodontic Absorbent Paper Points in Ferrets (Mustela Putorius Furo)

Answer 19

ferret sexes were different but it doesn’t say how; both tests work; the paper point test was less variable so may be more helpful

Question 20

Surgical Treatment of a Vertebral Fracture Caused by Osseous Plasmacytoma in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo)

Answer 20

4 year old ferret, progressive hindlimb paraparesis, UMN bladder. found vertebral lesion on CT, confirmed spinal compression with MRI; went to sx, excised the vertebral mass-tissue, single plasmacytoma on histopath. no gammopathy or other spinal lesions. tx with prednisolone, did very well for several years afterward.

Question 21

COMPARISON OF BODY TEMPERATURE ACQUIRED VIA AURICULAR AND RECTAL METHODS IN FERRETS

Answer 21

basically, ear thermometers were all lower, but they were reasonably consistent with each other, so they could theoretically be used but normal range would be lower.

Question 22

Pregnancy in a Female Ferret Following Treatment with a Deslorelin Implant: A Case Report

Answer 22

found to be pregnant a few weeks after implantation (so she went through an immediate fertile heat right after placement- just left it too late). did full term pregnancy but had limited maternal instinct after birth and 5/6 kits died.

Question 23

Malignant Plasma Cell Neoplasia in Ferrets: A Review of 6 Cases

Answer 23

most common presenting complaint was hindlimb weakness. most had multiple lesions & gammopathy.

Question 24

Spontaneous Primary Hypoparathyroidism in A Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo)

Answer 24

2 yo NM ferret presented for dehydration, tachypnea, bradychardia, hypotension, and moderate abdominal pain. Low ionized calcium and low parathyroid hormone levels. treated long term with dihydrotachysterol, did well. no etiogenesis discussed.

Question 25

Biliary Coccidiosis Associated With Immunosuppressive Treatment of Pure Red Cell Aplasia in an Adult Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 25

ferret had PRCA, tx w/ immunosuppressive meds; 3 months later jaundiced, doing crappy, eventually euthanized, found massive cholestatic dz/Eimeria on necropsy. likely 2ndary to immunosuppression.

Question 26

Diagnosis and Successful Surgical Removal of an Aural Ceruminous Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Answer 26

nasty otitis with mites, yeast, and bacteria all present. once those were tx, mass visible. lateral canal resection to get to mass, excised. found to be adenocarcinoma; no recurrence 9 months later so sx alone may be effective option for this type of tumor.