Fermentation & Intro Photosynthesis Flashcards
Regeneration & reuse of NADH
1) limited NADH/NAD+
2) glycolysis & krebs —-> NADH (use up all NAD+)
3) NAD+ must be regenerated from NADH, so metabolism continues
- Aerobic respiration
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis (e- + p+ from
NADH + terminal acceptor oxygen = water) - Anaerobic respiration (many mechanisms)
e- from NADH —> compound not oxygen
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis, but terminal acceptor N, CO2, S
Fermentation: no oxygen
Terminal acceptor: organic compound (recycle NAD+ & NADH)
Only glycolysis (only 2 ATP)
Fermentation
Lactate fermentation: Eukaryotes (humans)
Alcoholic fermentation: yeast & bacteria
Photosynthesis (overview)
Energy from sunlight- produce E rich organic compounds (in leaf)
Oxygenic photosynthesis: produces oxygen (algae, bacteria, plants)
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight E —-> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Anoxygenic: does Not produce oxygen
Chloroplast (anatomy)
Only in plants
Own DNA & ribosomes
E from sunlight—> sugar + ATP
Photosynthesis (3 steps)
1) Capture E from sunlight (Thylakoid)
2) E —> ATP + NADH (from NAD+) - thylakoid
3) ATP + NADH —> synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 (stroma)
Pigments
1) Absorb visible light
2) photosynthesis in chloroplasts
Photon - particle of light (bundle of energy)
Short wavelength, high E
Long wavelength, low E
Absorption spectrum (each pigment): which colour light pigment able to absorb, colour reflected (colour we see)
Chlorophyll-a (chloroplast)
In membrane: hydrophobic tail, hydrophilic (polar) head-porphyrin ring head —- green
Porphyrin ring: Magnesium ion + alternating single & double bonds
Resonant structure can pass around energy from position until ready reaction Center
Chlorophyll-b: accessory pigment —- light green
Carotenoids: accessory pigment to photosynthesis (less efficient in E transfer), antioxidants (counter free radical production- unstable)
— orange
