Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neonatal Board Questions > FEN > Flashcards

FEN Flashcards

1
Q

Fatigue, irritability, constipation, cardiac failure.

What deficiency?

A

B1 = Thiamine

Beriberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Photophobia, conjunctivitis, FTT, scaling, epiphyseal bone formation, abnormal tooth enamel.
What deficiency?

A

Vitamin A

A is pointy like teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

FTT, photophobia, dermatitis, mucositis.
What deficiency?
Associated with:

A

B2 = Riboflavin

Associated with glutamic aciduria type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dermatitis, mucositis, hypochromic anemia, seizures. What deficiency?
Associated with

A

B6 = Pyridoxine

Associated with homocystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alopecia, dermatitis, scaling, seborrhea.
What deficiency?
Associated with

A

Biotin
Associated with biotinidase deficiency, B-methylcrotonyl glycinuria, propionic acidemia, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vitamin deficiency: Poor wound healing, bleeding gums.
What deficiency?
Associated with

A

Vitamin C = Ascorbic acid

Associated with transient tyrosinemia (Tangerines are made of Vitamin C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rickets, FTT, tetany.

What deficiency?

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What immunoglobulins are kept and lost during Holder pasteurization?

A

IgA and G preserved

IgM destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anemia, osteoporosis, depigmentation of hair and skin, neutropenia, poor weight gain.
What deficiency?

A

Copper

Critical for production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Also iron absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chromium responsible for

A

Glucose regulation and insulin metabolism

Chromium coats a Hershey’s kiss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia; FTT.

What deficiency?

A 
Iron deficiency 
(Vitamin C enhances absorption)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Manganese role

A

Enzyme activation ie. superoxide dismutase
Normal bone structure
CHO metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiomyopathy. What deficiency?

A

Selenium

Selena broke your heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FTT, alopecia, dermatitis, diarrhea. What deficiency?

A

Zinc –> Acrodermatitis enterohepatica

Commonly perianal dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maternal zinc deficiency

A

IUGR, congenital anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pH in RTA type 1

A

> 6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pH in RTA type 2

A

<6.5 (can be >6.5 before acidosis is established. Losing bicarb proximally so distal end makes up for it by secreting more H+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of RTA has hypercalciuria/nephrocalcinosis?

A 
Type 1
(Possibly thought that increased bone breakdown and calcium release to help buffer the extra acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When do different disaccharides reach adult levels?

A

Sucrase, Maltase, isomaltase by 28 weeks
Lactase by 36 weeks
(Carb digestion and absorption adequate because of colonic salvage pathway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Colonic salvage pathway

A

Colonic bacteria help ferment malabsorbed CHO to acids which are absorbed in the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Colostrum whey to casein ratio

A

80:20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mature breast milk whey to casein ratio

A

55:45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Preterm formula whey to casein ratio

A

60:40 or 80:20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Effect on ECF, ICF and TBW as gestational age increases

A

ECF and TBW decrease

ICF increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When does nephrogenesis start and when is it complete?
5th week; | 34-36 weeks
26
When does urine production begin in the fetus?
10-12 weeks gestation
27
Urine output at 20 weeks gestation vs term
5 mL/hr --> ~50 mL/hr
28
How much of amniotic fluid is comprised of urine?
90%
29
Endothelin effect? Produced by? Stimulated by?
Renal vasoconstrictor Produced by renal vascular endothelial cells Stimulated by Ang II, bradykinin, epinephrine, stress
30
Menkes disease
X-linked recessive disorder; inability of absorption of copper
31
What is administered with iron to prevent iron induced hemolysis?
Vitamin E (antioxidant)
32
Hemolytic anemia, reticulocytosis, thrombocytosis, acanthocytosis, neurologic sequelae. What deficiency?
Vitamin E
33
Preterm milk has higher __ than term milk | Lower __
Higher protein and electrolytes | Lower lactose
34
``` Which is greater in breast milk vs formula? Long chain unsaturated FAs Carnitine Cholesterol DHA Amino acids ```
``` Long chain unsaturated FAs- Breast milk Carnitines- Breast milk Cholesterols- Breast milk DHAs- Breast milk Amino acids- Formula ```
35
Fat and protein difference in hind and foremilk
Higher fat in hindmilk; Lower CHO; Similar protein
36
What component of breast milk is the most variable? | Which is most constant?
Triglycerides (vary by GA, time and maternal diet) | Cholesterol (does not vary by maternal diet)
37
What percentage of calories should protein provide to prevent negative nitrogen balance?
7-15%
38
What is resting metabolic rate of neonate?
40-60 kcal/kg/day
39
Energy requirement for enterally vs parenterally fed infants?
Enterally- 100-130 kcal/kg/day | Parenterally- 85-95 kcal/kg/day
40
Which part of the intestine is responsible for absorption of fat soluble vitamin and zinc?
Ileum | Jejunum is responsible for some fat absorption but not fat soluble vitamins
41
Proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, edema
Congenital nephrotic syndrome | Finnish type most common
42
Large placenta + elevated AFP
Congenital nephrotic syndrome | Finnish type
43
Cataracts, glaucoma, hypotonia, areflexia, mental deficiency, tubular dysfunction, proteinuria, aminoaciduria, cryptorchidism
Lowe syndrome - X-linked recessive ie. oculocerebrorenal syndrome
44
Elevated AFP and increased nucleotide pyrophosphates in skin fibroblasts
Lowe syndrome- X-linked recessive ie. oculocerebrorenal syndrome
45
Triangular facies, protruding ears, large eyes with strabismus, drooping mouth
Bartter syndrome
46
Electrolyte derangements seen in Bartter syndrome
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis | Hypercalciuria
47
What happens when ureteric bud fails to develop?
Renal agenesis
48
MCC hydronephrosis. First step after birth.
No specific cause, usually resolves before birth. Do postnatal ultrasound even if resolves before birth (should wait 7-10 days to ensure normal water losses have occurred)
49
FENa, urine osmolality, urine Na in prerenal vs renal tubular injury
Prerenal: FENa<2%, Uosm: high, UNa: low (dehydration --> increased Na and water reabsorption to try and inc BP) Renal: FENa>2%, Uosm: low, UNa: high (inappropriate excretion of Na and water --> low urine osmolality and high urine Na) (explanation pg. 1467 Brodsky)
50
Which hormone plays the biggest role in fetal growth?
ILGF-2
51
Which hormone plays the biggest role in placental regulation of fetal nutrient supply?
Placental lactogen
52
Essential fatty acids
Alpha Linolenic and linoleic acids
53
Which fatty acids play a role in brain and retinal development?
Long chain polyunsaturated FAs such as omega 6 and 3 | DHA and ARA
54
Contraindications to breastfeeding
HSV lesion on the breast, HIV, active TB, active breast abscess, galactosemia, drugs
55
How does GFR change with increasing gestational age? | When at adult levels?
Increases Doubles in first two weeks Reaches adult levels by 1 year
56
How do ACS affect insensible water loss?
Decreases IWL at any given age d/t greater skin maturation and better perfusion
57
Most prevalent fatty acids in human milk
Oleic acid > palmitic acid
58
Most predominant carbohydrate in breast milk
Lactose
59
Rapid correction of hyponatremia can lead to
cerebral demyelination
60
Indications for dialysis
``` Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia with symptomatic volume overload Hyperphosphatemia metabolic acidosis hypocalcemia uremic symptoms inability to provide nutrition d/t fluid restriction *not creatinine value* ```
61
Calories of protein, carbs and fat
4 3.4 9
62
Hematuria, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, palpable flank mass
Renal vein thrombosis
63
How do Na, Cl, Ca, phos, Mg, iron change with advancing GA?
Na, Cl decrease | Ca, phos, Mg, iron increase
64
Liver involvement at birth in ARPKD
~50-60%
65
MC symptom with ARPKD
Severe hypertension
66
Which PKD has multi system involvement?
ADPKD | AR only has liver involvement
67
Where does ADH work?
Late distal tubule and collecting ducts
68
What is the primary determinant of water excretion in the kidney?
ADH
69
Side effects of thiazides
HyperGLUC - glycemia - lipidemia - uricemia - calcemia (vs loops lose calcium)
70
MC form of PKD
ADPKD
71
Cilia related disorder
ARPKD
72
Defect of PKHD1 gene
ARPKD
73
Scaly dermatitis, alopecia, FTT, increased infection, thrombocytopenia. What deficiency?
Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)
74
Intralipid includes which FAs?
``` Omega 6 (linoleum acid) > omega 3 (limolenic acid) ```
75
Vitamin D & Calcitriol in relation to calcium prenatally and postnatally
Fetal calcium homeostasis is independent of vitamin D and calcitriol Postnatally, a deficiency in the above will impair calcium absorption
76
What happens to calcium levels after birth
Transient drop but they return to normal within 48 hours
77
Treatment for SIADH
Fluid AND Na restriction | Total body Na is normal, but total body water is elevated, relative hyponatremia
78
Majority of dietary fat in the form of
Triglycerides
79
How is calcium transferred from mother to fetus?
Mother to placenta via facilitative diffusion Placenta to fetus via ATP pump on basal surface of syncytium Fetus is HYPERcalcemic to mother
80
Glucogenic amino acids
Alanine, glycine, glutamate | Give rise to glucose or glycogen
81
Ketogenic amino acids
Leucine and lysine | yield acetyl-CoA or acetoacetyl-coa
82
Elevated plasma 7-dehydrocholesterol
Smith Lemli opitz syndrome
83
Triad of Sotos syndrome
Overgrowth, characteristic facial features, learning disabilities and ID
84
How many kcal/kg/d necessary for proper growth and energy expenditure
105-130 kcal/kg/day
85
Triene: Tetraene ratio >0.4
EFAD
86
How maternal glucose transported
facilitated diffusion
87
Essential Amino acids
``` Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophine Valine "the HILL My Pop TRYd To ski in VAIL" ```
88
Conditionally essential amino acids in preterms
Arginine Cysteine Taurine Tyrosine
89
Intralipid made of
100% soybean oil
90
Na, Ca, K, Cl, Mg, Phos higher or lower in human vs cow's milk?
Lower
91
Osmolarity equation
(Na x 2) + BuN /2.8 + Glucose / 18
92
When nephrogenesis finished
34-36 weeks
93
When does fetal urine output begin
9-11 weeks
94
Peak fetal growth rate
mid 30 weeks (33-35)
95
Nitrogen intake equation
protein intake (g/day) x 0.16

Neonatal Board Questions (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions