Femur Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bone is the femur?

A

Long bone (in fact, it’s the longest bone in the body)

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2
Q

What is the main function of the femur?

A

Transmits force from tibia to hip joint

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3
Q

Name three muscles that attach to the greater trochanter

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus piriformus

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4
Q

Name two muscles that attach to the lesser trochanter

A

Psoas major and iliacus

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5
Q

Which ligament attaches to the intertrochanteric line?

A

Iliofemoral ligament (strong ligament of hip)

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6
Q

What’s the difference between the intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest?

A

Intertrochanteric line is anterior, whereas the intertrochanteric crest is posterior (both span between greater and lesser trochanter)

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7
Q

Where is the quadrate tubercle found and what attaches to it?

A

. Found on superior half of intertrochanteric crest
. Vastus medialis (one of the quadratus femoris muscles) originates from here and from the medial lip of the linea aspera

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8
Q

What is an intracapsular/subcapsular hip fracture? Who are they most commonly experienced by and how? What damage can it cause?

A

. Fracture within capsule of hip joint, distal fragment shunts upwards and laterally (leg shortened and laterally rotated)
. Most common in elderly people falling
. Can damage medial femoral circumflex artery, which can lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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9
Q

What is an extracapsular fracture? Who are they most commonly experienced by and how?

A

. Fracture outside capsule of hip joint
. More common in young and middle aged people
. Blood supply to femur is intact so no avascular necrosis occurs
. Leg is shortened and laterally rotated

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10
Q

Which muscle attaches to the gluteal tuberosity?

A

Gluteus maximus

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11
Q

Describe the ‘branches’ of the linea aspera.

A

(Posterior view)
. Pectineal line is superior and medial, leading on from the anterior intertrochanteric line, below femoral head)
. Gluteal tuberosity is superior and lateral, below greater trochanter
. Medial supracondylar line is inferior and medial
. Lateral supracondylar line is inferior and lateral

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