Femoral Fracture

Question 1

Classification of femoral fractures

Answer 1

1. Femoral Head Fracture
2. Femoral Neck Fractures
3. Intertrochanteric Fractures

Question 2

Types of Intertrochanteric Fractures

Answer 2

1. Subtrochanteric Fractures
2. Femoral Shaft Fractures
3. Distal Femur Fractures

Question 3

This fracture is typically defined as the area from LESSER TROCHANTER TO 5 CM DISTAL FRACTURES with an associated intertrochanteric component and may be called peri trochanteric fracture.

Answer 3

Subtrochanteric Fractures

Question 4

Fielding Classification

Answer 4

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Type 3

Question 5

What type of fielding classification is this when it is at the level of the lesser trochanter?

Answer 5

Type 1

Question 6

What type of fielding classification is this when it is
< 2.5 cm below the lesser trochanter?

Answer 6

Type 2

Question 7

What type of fielding classification is this when it is 2.5 cm to cm below the lesser trochanter?

Answer 7

Type 3

Question 8

This classification is based on the integrity of the piriformis fossa. It is designed to guide treatment of intramedullary nails using a piriformis fossa starting point.

Answer 8

Russel-Taylor Classification

Question 9

This type of classification of Russel-Taylor has intact piriformis fossa.

Answer 9

Type 1

Question 10

This type of classification of Russel-Taylor has intact piriformis fossa, and a lesser trochanter is attached to the proximal fragment.

Answer 10

Type 1 A

Question 11

This type of classification of Russel-Taylor has intact piriformis fossa, and the lesser trochanter is detached from the proximal fragment.

Answer 11

Type 1 B

Question 12

This type of classification of Russel-Taylor has fracture extends into the piriformis fossa.

Answer 12

Type 2

Question 13

This type of classification of Russel-Taylor has fracture extends into the piriformis fossa and a stable posterior-medial buttress.

Answer 13

Type 2 A

Question 14

This type of classification of Russel-Taylor has fracture extends into the piriformis fossa and comminution of the lesser trochanter.

Answer 14

Type 2 B

Question 15

Symptoms of subtrochanteric femoral fracture

Answer 15

Hip and thigh pain
Inability to bear weight

Question 16

Physical examination of subtrochanteric femoral fracture

Answer 16

1. Pain with motion
2. Shortening and varus alignment
3. Flexion of proximal fragment may threaten overlying skin.

Question 17

X-ray views of subtrochanteric femoral fracture

Answer 17

1. AP and lateral of the hip
2. AP pelvis
3. Full-length femur films including the knee

Question 18

Treatment for subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures

Answer 18

Non-operative: Traction-reduce blood loss and pain
Operative: Open reduction and internal fixation

Question 19

This diaphysis fracture occurs between 5 cm distal to the lesser trochanter and 5 cm proximal to the adductor tubercle.

Answer 19

Femoral Shaft Fractures

Question 20

T or F
Reduction can be easy in femoral shaft fractures.

Answer 20

F

Question 21

T or F
Femoral shaft fractures can be improved by having vascularized.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

This classification reflects the observation that the degrees of soft-tissue damage and fracture instability increases with increasing comminution grades.

Answer 22

Winquist’s Classfication

Question 23

In Winquist’s classification, there is only a cortical fragment.

Answer 23

Type 1

Question 24

In Winquist’s classification, the butterfly fragment is larger, but there is still at least 50 percent cortical contact between the main fragments.

Answer 24

Type 2

Question 25

In Winquist’s classification, the butterfly fragment involves more than 50 percent of the bone width.

Answer 25

Type 3

Question 26

In Winquist’s classification, it is essentially a segmental fracture.

Answer 26

Type 4

Question 27

This is cause by a fall which the foot is anchored while a twisting forces is transmitted to the femur.

Answer 27

Spiral fracture

Question 28

This is often due to angulation or direct violence and is therefore, particularly common in road accidents.

Answer 28

Transverse and oblique fracture

Question 29

This is severe violence that often involves a combination of direct and indirect forces may happen.

Answer 29

Comminuted or segmental

Question 30

Treatment for Femoral Shaft Fracture

Answer 30

1. Lock IM nail
2. Traction, Braciing, Spica Cast
3. External Fixator

Question 31

This is defined as fractures from the articular surface to 5 cm above the metaphyseal flare, and direct violence is the usual cause.

Answer 31

Distal femoral fracture

Question 32

This is a classification for distal femoral fracture.

Answer 32

AO classification

Question 33

In AO classification, fractures do not involved the joint surface.

Answer 33

Type A (Extra-articular)

Question 34

In AO classification, fractures involve the joint surface (one condyle) but leave the supracondylar region intact.

Answer 34

Type B (Partial Articular)

Question 35

In AO classification, fractures have supracondylar and condylar components.

Answer 35

Type C (Complete Articular)

Question 36

Simple Extra-articular

Answer 36

A1

Question 37

Metaphyseal Wedge

Answer 37

A2

Question 38

Metaphyseal Complex

Answer 38

A3

Question 39

Partial Articular Lateral Condyle

Answer 39

B1

Question 40

Partial Articular Medial Condyle

Answer 40

B2

Question 41

Partial articular coronal plane

Answer 41

B3

Question 42

Anterior and lateral flake

Answer 42

C1

Question 43

Unicondyler posterior

Answer 43

C2

Question 44

Bicondyler posterior

Answer 44

C3

Question 45

Treatment for Distal Femoral Fracture

Answer 45

Non-operative: Traction
Surgery: a. Lock IM b. Angle blade plate c. Simple lag screw