Feminism Flashcards
feminism definition
the belief that men and women should have equal rights and equal opportunities
when did the first wave of feminism emerge?
mid 1900s
what was the ultimate aim of the first wave?
to achieve universal female suffrage (right to vote)
who led the first wave?
suffragettes (middle class women)
what were the other issues involved in the first wave?
divorce, wealth, education, opportunity
when did women achieve the right to vote?
1928
what improved after the first wave?
women had greater access to some professions and education, also improvement in divorce and child custody rights
when was the second wave of feminism?
1960s and 1970s
what were the aims of the second wave?
to abolish patriarchy and raise female consciousness of exploitation
what was the result of the second wave?
created lots of different strands of feminism (marxist, liberal, radical)
what was political lesbianism?
not sleeping with a man - believed by radical feminists
what happened due to the splits in feminism after the second wave?
there was fragmented movement - no longer a ‘sisterhood’
when was the third wave of feminism?
mid-1990s onwards
what did the third wave involve?
acknowledges culture, ethnicity, religion
who stated that the fourth wave was defined by technology and when?
Kira Cochrane in 2013
what was the social media campaign in 2012 that contributed to the success of the fourth wave?
Everyday Sexism Project
what are the three key strands of feminism?
marxist, liberal, radical
what do liberal feminists say that gender inequality is a result of?
gender role socialisation (rather than biological differences)
when were both the Equal Pay Act and the Discrimination Act?
1970s
who stated that gender socialisation in the family causes gender inequality and when? what is this because of?
Oakley in 1974, because of canalisation (gender specific objects, like toys) and manipulation
what do marxist feminists believe?
capitalism is an economic system that leads to the oppression of women
who stated that a wife keeps a husband in good working condition by feeding and caring for him and when?
Benston in 1972
who stated that women are ‘takers of shit’ for their husband?
Ansley
what do radical feminists believe?
patriarchy is the main form of oppression experienced by women, not capitalism
who stated that men acquired social power due to womens biological factors holding them back and when?
Millett in 1970
who stated that “feminism is a theory, lesbianism is the practice”
Grace Atkinson
