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Physiology and Pharmacology > Female reproductive tract > Flashcards

Female reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Thick connective tissue layer which surrounds the ovaries (and testes in males)

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2
Q

Which part of the uterine tube ebeds into the uterine wall?

A

The intremural portion

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3
Q

What are fimbriae?

A
  • Finger-like projections of the fallopian/uterine tube which lie over the ovary
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4
Q

What do primordail follicles become?

A

Primary follices, Secondary follicles then tertiary follicles

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5
Q

What is menses?

A
  • The loss of the uterine wall

- Occurs in the first few days of the menstral cycle when FSH is high and LH is low

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6
Q

What is ovarian asymmetry?

A

Only one active each month

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7
Q

What is the cortex of the ovary?

A
  • Connective tissue
  • Outside of the medulla
  • Contains the follicles (developing egg cells)
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8
Q

What happens to FSH during the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Starts off high, drops a little just before peaking and dropping back off
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9
Q

What characteristics of tertiary follicles?

A
  • Central, large fluid-filled vacuole
  • Surrounded by the corona radiata (layer of cells)
  • Bulges outside the edge of the ovary
  • Bursts out of the ovary under the influences of LH
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10
Q

What does the peak of LH cause?

A

Ovulation

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11
Q

Where is oestrogen and progesterone released from?

A

From the developing follicles in the ovary (oestrogen = pre ovulation and progesterone = post ovulation)

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12
Q

When does oesstrogen peak?

A

Just before LH and FSH

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13
Q

What is atresia?

A
  • A natural process of cell death that destroys follicles at all stages of development
  • Happens when middle-aged
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14
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

The thick muscular wall around the uterus

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15
Q

What is the endometrium?

A
  • The top layer of the uterus lining around the wall

- Where the placenta attaches to

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16
Q

What does an increase in oestrogen cause?

A
  • Causes the endometrium layer to get thicker as it stimulates mitosis
  • Causes ducts in the breast tissue to expand
  • Causes a surge in LH
17
Q

What happens at day 9 of the cycle?

A

One follicle becomes dominant at the expense of the others

18
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A
  • When the egg implants in the uterine tube

- Rare for the egg to suvive

19
Q

What 3 things make up the birth canal?

A

1) The cervix - below the uterus
2) The vagina
3) The vulva - opening to the vagina

20
Q

What is the structure of a primoridal follicle?

A

-Contain an egg surrounded by a glassy layer, which is surrounded by a layer of squamous (flat) cells

21
Q

What happens to follicle during follicle progression?

A
  • The egg remains the same size
  • The follicle walls get bigger
  • The follicle releases oestrogen
22
Q

What is Polysytic ovary syndrome?

A

When many follicles develop instead of just one dominant one

23
Q

What is an ovarian follicle?

A

A cellular sac in which and oocyte matures in response to FSH and LH

24
Q

When does progesterone peak?

A

About day 24

25
Q

What does FSH cause?

A
  • The development of follicles (400 per month)

- Release of oestrogen

26
Q

What is mesentery?

A

Fold of tissue which attaches an organ to the body wall

27
Q

What happens to LH during the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Starts off low, peaks and drops off again
28
Q

What characterises secondary follicles?

A
  • Vacuoles
  • Squamous epithelium from primary now is cuboidal
  • Several layers of cells
29
Q

What happens to the fimbriae when the ovary is ovulating?

A

-Almost surrounds the ovary, increasing the chance of it to go down the infundibulum

30
Q

What ligaments does the internal sex organ lie within?

A
  • Round ligaments

- Broad ligaments

31
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

The main portion of the uterine tube where fertilisation occurs

32
Q

What is the medulla of the ovary?

A

The centre, contains the blood vessels and nerves

33
Q

What happens to the follicle once the egg is released?

A
  • The follicle collapses INSIDE the ovary
  • Becomes a corpus rubrum
  • Becomes a corpus luteum (which secretes progesterone that maintains the uterine wall lining)
  • Forms a corpus albicans (scar tisssue)
34
Q

What causes the release of oestrogen?

A

Increase in FSH

35
Q

What does LH cause?

A
  • Triggers ovulation (follicle burst open and release egg, then turning into corpus luteum)
36
Q

When does implantation occur?

A

LH + 6 days

37
Q

When is oestrogen released during the menstrual cycle and how does it ‘feeddback’?

A
  • Release from follicles stimulated by FSH
  • Increase in oestogen feedsback to the articulate nucleus in the brain
  • Causes a burst of LH to be released
38
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ovarian cycle and the hormones involved?

A

1) Pre-ovulatory - oestrogen

2) Post- ovulatory - progesterone

39
Q

Where is FSH and LH released from?

A

The anterior pituitary gland

Physiology and Pharmacology (15 decks)

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