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patho II > Female reproductive system- Vulva, Vagina, Cervix > Flashcards

Female reproductive system- Vulva, Vagina, Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses causing Vulvitis

A

1) HPV
2) HSV-1, HSV-2

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2
Q

Fungus causing Vulvitis

A

Candida Albicans

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3
Q

Bacteria causing Vulvitis

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoea

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4
Q

Parasit causing Vulvitis

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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5
Q

Complication of Vulvitis

A

Bartholin Gland Cyst

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6
Q

Cause of Bartholin Gland Cyst

A

Obstruction of the excretory ducts of Bartholin glands

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7
Q

Clinical presentation of Bartholin Gland Cyst

A

painful dilation of the glands
(Bartholin Cyst) and abscess formation

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8
Q

Microscopic findings:
– Most common lining: Transitional-type epithelium
– However, cuboid, columnar, ciliated, and squamous
cells may be also observed
– The cyst wall contains a variable number of chronic inflammatory cells and normal or atrophic acini

Macroscopic findings:
- Unilocular cyst filled with serous fluid

features of?

A

Bartholin Gland Cyst

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9
Q

patho of Lichen Scleroscus

A

Presence of activated T-cells in the subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate and the increased frequency of autoimmune disorders suggest an
autoimmune aetiology

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10
Q

Epi of Lichen Sclerosus

A

post-menopausal women

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11
Q

Clinical presentation of Lichen Sclerosus

A

White plaques (leukoplakia) or
papules

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12
Q

Microscopic findings:
1. Thinning of the epidermis
2. Disappearance of rete pegs
3. Hydropic degeneration of the basal cells
4. Dermal fibrosis
5. Scant perivascular mononuclear inflammatory cell
infiltrate

features of?

A

Lichen Sclerosus

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13
Q

DD of Lichen Sclerosus

A

Other causes of leukoplakia, such as Psoriasis, Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (in situ or invasive)

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14
Q

Progression & Prognosis of Lichen Sclerosus

A

Benign, but slightly increased (1-5%) risk of SCC

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15
Q

patho of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

A

autoimmune aetiology

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16
Q

Clinical presentation of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

A

White plaques (leukoplakia) or
papules

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17
Q

Microscopic findings:
1. Epithelial thickening (particularly of the stratum granulosum)
2. Hyperkeratosis (thickening of the startum corneum, outer layer of skin)
3. Increased mitotic activity in the basal and suprabasal layers
4. No epithelial atypia
5. Leukocytic infiltration of the dermis

features of ?

A

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

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18
Q

DD of Lichen Simplex Chronicus:

A

Other causes of leukoplakia, such as Psoriasis, Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (in situ or invasive)

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19
Q

progression & prognosis of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

A

Benign, isolated lesions, that do not have a risk of developing SCC

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20
Q

Which has a risk of developing SCC, Lichen Simplex Chronicus/ Lichen Sclerosus

A

Lichen sclerosus

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21
Q

Epi of Condylomata lata

A
  • Rare, Benign lesions
  • Manifestation of Secondary Syphilis
22
Q

Macroscopic picture: Flat, moist, minimally elevated lesions

features of?

A

Condylomata Lata

23
Q

Cause of Condylomata Acuminata

A

HPV infection (subtypes 6 and 11)

24
Q

Clinical presentation of Condylomata Acuminata

A

Condyloma - Papillary and distinctly elevated or somewhat flat lesions

25
Q

Microscopic findings:
* Epithelial hyperplasia and
* presence of epithelial cells with peri-nuclear
cytoplasmic vacuolisation and wrinkled nuclear
contours (koilocytosis)

features of?

A

Condylomata Acuminata

26
Q

Epi of Valvular Carcinoma

A
  • 3% of all female genital tract cancers (rare)
  • women > 60yrs
27
Q

Clinical presentation of Valvular CA?

A

– Areas of leukoplakia (especially in cases of in situ or early invasive carcinomas)
– Exophytic or ulcerated tumours (especially in cases of infiltrating carcinomas

28
Q

Which form of Valvular SCC is associated w/ HPV infection and Valvular Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)?

A

The Less common From
(More common form is no ass/ with HPV and VIN)

29
Q

Epi of the Less common from of valvular SCC

A

Middle-aged women

30
Q

Which from of Valvular SCC has the following Microscopic features -> Poorly differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinomas

A

Less common form

31
Q

Which form of Valvular SCC has the following Micro features –> Well-differentiated keratinising
Squamous Cell Carcinomas

A

Common form

32
Q

Epi of the More common form of Valvular SCC

A

Older women

33
Q

Cause of Valvular Extra-Mammary Pagest Disease

A

not ass. w/ an underlying carcinoma, unlike paget disease of the breast

34
Q

Clinical presentation of Valvular Extra-Mammary Paget Disease

A

Red, scaly, crusted plaque and Erythema

35
Q

Microscopic findings:
- Infiltration of the epidermis, singly and in nests of neoplastic cells
- Pleomorphic Nuclei w/ vesicular chromatin

features of?

A

Valvular Extra-Mammary Paget Disease

36
Q

DD of Valvular Extra-Mammary Paget Disease

A

Vulvar Melanoma

37
Q

Congenital Vaginal Abnormalities

A

1) Absence of the vagina
2) Septate or double vagina (usually associated with a septate cervix and, sometimes, septate uterus)
3) Congenital, lateral Gartner Duct Cysts, arising from persistent Wolffian duct rests (Gartner’s Ducts = Mesonephric Ducts or Wolffian Ducts)

38
Q

Epi do Vaginitis

A

Common

39
Q

Cause of Vaginits

A
  1. Fungus: Candida Albicans
  2. Parasites: Trichomonas vaginalis
  3. Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
40
Q

Risk factors of Vaginitis

A

1) DM,
2) systemic antibiotic therapy (which causes
disruption of normal microbial flora),
3) immunodeficiency,
4) pregnancy, or recent abortion

41
Q

Clinical presentation of Vaginitis

A

Vaginal discharge (leukorrhoea)

42
Q

Clinical presentation of Vaginitis caused by Candida Albicans vs Trichomonas Vaginalis

A
  • Candida albicans –> Curdy, white discharge
  • Trichomonas vaginalis -> Watery, copious gray-green discharge
43
Q

Epi of Valvular SCC

A

Rare, women > 60yrs

44
Q

VAginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN) is a precursor
lesion that is nearly always associated with?

A

HPV infection (subtypes 16 and 18)

45
Q

Clinical presentation of Valvular SCC

A

1) Areas of leukoplakia (especially in cases of in situ or
early invasive carcinomas)
2) Exophytic or ulcerated tumours (especially in cases
of infiltrating carcinomas)

46
Q

Epi of Valvular Clear Cell Adenocarcinomas

A

Very rare, In young women whose mothers took diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy (to prevent threatened abortion)

47
Q

precursor of Valvular Clear Cell Adenocarcinomas

A

Vaginal Adenosis

48
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma are aka?

A

Sarcoma Botryoides

49
Q

Epi of Sarcoma Botryoides

A

Most common soft tissue sarcoma of
childhood and adolescence (girls <4yrs)

50
Q

Clinical presentation of Sarcoma Botryoides

A

Soft, gelatinous, grape-like mass

51
Q

Microscopic findings:
- Rhabdomyoblast (Granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, rich in thick and thin filaments)

Macroscopic features:
- Polypoid, grape-like soft tissue

features of?

A

Sarcoma Botryoides - Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

52
Q

Microscopic features:
- Hobnail-shaped cells
- Dark, atypical nuclei
- Tubules, ductules, and cystic spaces

features of?

A

Valvular Clear Cell Adenocarcinomas

patho II (29 decks)

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