female reproductive system & STIs Flashcards
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of cervical cancer
risk: multiple sex partners, HPV virus, weakened immune system, tobacco use, family history, prolonged use of BC pills
explain the manifestations of cervical cancer
bleeding after menopause
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of cervical cancer
pap smear
conization, loop electrosurgical excision, cryotherapy, hysterectomy/radiation
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis
growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
rf: no deliveries, high exposure to estrogen
explain the manifestations of endometriosis
pain, adhesions, bleeding between periods
dysmenorrhea, dysuria, dyschezia, dyspareunia
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of endometriosis
differential- rule out other causes, laparoscopy
treat pain, suppress endometrial growth, surgery
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of uterine fibroids
benign muscular tumors
explain the manifestations of uterine fibroids
none, enlargement of uterus, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain, infertility
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of uterine fibroids
depends on symptoms, treat conservatively, myomectomy, gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues
explain the manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome
follicular cysts, no ovulation, amenorrhea, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome
rule out other diseases, clinical presentation of symptoms
symptom relief, lifestyle modifications, metformin for insulin sensitivity, OCPs, conception help
explain the manifestations of ovarian cancer
few and vague GI bloating and nausea, dysuria, pelvic and back pain
rf: genetics, no children, hormone use
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of ovarian cancer
pelvic exam
ultrasound
CA-125
surgery, radiation, chemo, gene therapy
explain the manifestations of amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea
increased prostaglandin F
explain the manifestations of dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of bacterial vaginitis
related to sexual activity but not necessarily caused by it
many organisms can cause it, bad flora outweighs the good
explain the manifestations of bacterial vaginitis
gray-white discharge, foul/fish odor
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of bacterial vaginitis
wet mount, vaginal PH high, clinical symptoms
restore good flora, antifungals, antibiotics
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of chlamydia and gonorrhea
contracted through unprotected physical contact with an infected person-semen or vaginal fluid
can lead to infertility, PID, blindness in newborns
explain the manifestations of chlamydia and gonorrhea
could be asymptomatic
cervical or penile discharge, urethritis, arthritis
explain the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of chlamydia and gonorrhea
culture for gram negative bacteria, direct fluorescent antibody test, nuclei acid amplification test (NNAT)
azithromycin for chlamydia, azithromycin and ceftriaxone for gonorrhea, erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for newborns
explain the etiology and pathophysiology of syphilis
treponema pallidum
sexual contact, transplacentally, blood product transfusion
explain the manifestations of syphilis
chancres, skin rash, multi system issues, asymptomatic
