Female Reproductive System

Question 1

The follicles that are formed during fetal life are called ____________.

Answer 1

Primordial follicles

Question 2

Primordial Follicle consists of a (primary oocyte/oogonium) ___________ enveloped by a single layer of the flattened follicular cells.

Answer 2

Primary oocyte

Question 3

_____________ occur in the superficial

ovarian cortex.

Answer 3

Primordial follicles

Question 4

Beginning in the (second/third) _______ month, oogonia begin to enter the prophase of the first meiotic division but arrest after completing synapsis and recombination.

Answer 4

Third monthh

Question 5

The cells arrested in meiosis 1 are called (Primary oocytes/oogonia) _________.

Answer 5

Primary oocytes

Question 6

At puberty the ovaries contain about __________ oocytes.

Answer 6

300,000

Question 7

By the (7th/8th) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ month of development, most
oogonia have transformed into primary oocytes within follicles.

Answer 7

7th

Question 8

In developing ovaries of a 2-month embryo, there

are about ________ oogonia that produce more than 7 million by the fifth month.

Answer 8

600,000

Question 9

Many primary oocytes, however, are lost through a

slow, continuous degenerative process called _________.

Answer 9

Atresia

Question 10

The oocyte in the primordial follicle is spherical and about (25/120) ____ μm in diameter.

Answer 10

25 μm

Question 11

Growth of oocyte is prompted by ______ hormone.

Answer 11

FSH

Question 12

Specialized secretory granules called ___________ are formed in oocyte containing various proteases due to FSH.

Answer 12

Cortical granules

Question 13

_____________ lie just inside the oocyte’s plasma membrane and undergo exocytosis early in fertilization.

Answer 13

Cortical granules

Question 14

Follicular cells undergo mitosis and form a simple cuboidal epithelium around the growing oocyte. This follicle is called ___________

Answer 14

Unilaminar Primary Follicle

Question 15

The follicular cells continue to proliferate, forming

a stratified follicular epithelium called _________.

Answer 15

Granulosa

Question 16

The follicle with stratified epithelium is known as ___________.

Answer 16

Multilaminar Primary Follicle

Question 17

Between the oocyte and the first layer of granulosa cells of the growing primary follicle, extracellular material accumulates as the ____________.

Answer 17

Zona Pellucida

Question 18

The zona pellucida components (ZP1 and ZP2/ZP3 and ZP4) ________ are important sperm receptors binding specific proteins on the sperm surface and inducing acrosomal activation.

Answer 18

ZP3 and ZP4

Question 19

__________ of granulosa cells and __________ of the oocyte penetrate the zona pellucida, allowing communication between these cells via gap junctions.

Answer 19

Filopodia of granulosa cells

Microvilli of the oocyte

Question 20

Growing primary follicles can become involved in (disease) __________.

Answer 20

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 21

The etiology of PCOS is increased ___________ production by the ovaries or adrenals.

Answer 21

androgen

Question 22

Stromal cells outside the follicle give rise to ___________.

Answer 22

Thecal cells (theca interna and theca externa)

Question 23

Theca ________ is vascularized endocrine tissue.

Answer 23

Interna

Question 24

Theca _________ is fibromuscular in nature (having fibroblasts and smooth muscles)

Answer 24

Externa

Question 25

Theca interna produces __________ that diffuses into the follicle's basement membrane and is converted to estrogen by granulosa cells.

Answer 25

androstenedione

Question 26

Androstenedione is converted to estrogen by the enzyme __________, which is FSH dependent.

Answer 26

Aromatase

Question 27

``` As the (primary follicles/secondary follicles) __________ grow, they move deeper in the ovarian cortex. ```

Answer 27

primary follicles

Question 28

The granulosa cells secrete a fluid that coalesce and the granulosa cells reorganize themselves to form a fluid filled cavity called __________

Answer 28

Antrum

Question 29

Follicles having an antrum are termed as (primary follicles/secondary follicles) _____________.

Answer 29

Secondary follicles

Question 30

Those granulosa cells that immediately surround the zona pellucida make up the (cumulus oophorus/corona radiata) ____________

Answer 30

corona radiata

Question 31

As the antrum develops, the granulosa cells around the | oocyte form a small hillock, (cumulus oophorus/corona radiata) ____________, which protrudes into the antrum

Answer 31

cumulus oophorus

Question 32

The multiple layers of granulosa cells are collectivelly called _____________

Answer 32

Stratum granulosum

Question 33

The theca interna consists mainly (cuboidal/columnar) __________ cells.

Answer 33

Cuboidal

Question 34

Theca ________ has smooth muscles that contract to release ovum.

Answer 34

Externa

Question 35

A multilaminar primary follicle is also known as ___________ follicle.

Answer 35

Preantral follicle`

Question 36

Liqour folliculi is an exudate of ________.

Answer 36

Plasma

Question 37

The granulosa layer becomes thinner at this stage because its cells do not multiply in proportion to the growth of the antrum. This is the feature of (secondary/graffian) __________ follicle.

Answer 37

graffian follicle

Question 38

The theca interna cells appear __________ and lightly stained because of their cytoplasmic lipid droplets, a characteristic of steroid-producing cells.

Answer 38

vacuolated

Question 39

Follicles at (any stage/primary/secondary) ___________ of development may become atretic

Answer 39

any stage

Question 40

Follicular cysts are common and usually benign, but can produce high (estrogen/progesterone) _________ levels and lead to menstrual irregularities.

Answer 40

estrogen

Question 41

If cyst formation disrupts blood vessels blood enters the fluid, often rapidly, and produces a __________ cyst.

Answer 41

hemorrhagic cyst

Question 42

Ovulation normally occurs at ________.

Answer 42

Day 14

Question 43

Before ovulation, the mature follicle bulging against the tunica albuginea develops a whitish ischemic area, the _____________

Answer 43

Stigma