Female Reproductive System Flashcards
The follicles that are formed during fetal life are called ____________.
Primordial follicles
Primordial Follicle consists of a (primary oocyte/oogonium) ___________ enveloped by a single layer of the flattened follicular cells.
Primary oocyte
_____________ occur in the superficial
ovarian cortex.
Primordial follicles
Beginning in the (second/third) _______ month, oogonia begin to enter the prophase of the first meiotic division but arrest after completing synapsis and recombination.
Third monthh
The cells arrested in meiosis 1 are called (Primary oocytes/oogonia) _________.
Primary oocytes
At puberty the ovaries contain about __________ oocytes.
300,000
By the (7th/8th) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ month of development, most oogonia have transformed into primary oocytes within follicles.
7th
In developing ovaries of a 2-month embryo, there
are about ________ oogonia that produce more than 7 million by the fifth month.
600,000
Many primary oocytes, however, are lost through a
slow, continuous degenerative process called _________.
Atresia
The oocyte in the primordial follicle is spherical and about (25/120) ____ μm in diameter.
25 μm
Growth of oocyte is prompted by ______ hormone.
FSH
Specialized secretory granules called ___________ are formed in oocyte containing various proteases due to FSH.
Cortical granules
_____________ lie just inside the oocyte’s plasma membrane and undergo exocytosis early in fertilization.
Cortical granules
Follicular cells undergo mitosis and form a simple cuboidal epithelium around the growing oocyte. This follicle is called ___________
Unilaminar Primary Follicle
The follicular cells continue to proliferate, forming
a stratified follicular epithelium called _________.
Granulosa
The follicle with stratified epithelium is known as ___________.
Multilaminar Primary Follicle
Between the oocyte and the first layer of granulosa cells of the growing primary follicle, extracellular material accumulates as the ____________.
Zona Pellucida
The zona pellucida components (ZP1 and ZP2/ZP3 and ZP4) ________ are important sperm receptors binding specific proteins on the sperm surface and inducing acrosomal activation.
ZP3 and ZP4
__________ of granulosa cells and __________ of the oocyte penetrate the zona pellucida, allowing communication between these cells via gap junctions.
Filopodia of granulosa cells
Microvilli of the oocyte
Growing primary follicles can become involved in (disease) __________.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
The etiology of PCOS is increased ___________ production by the ovaries or adrenals.
androgen
Stromal cells outside the follicle give rise to ___________.
Thecal cells (theca interna and theca externa)
Theca ________ is vascularized endocrine tissue.
Interna
Theca _________ is fibromuscular in nature (having fibroblasts and smooth muscles)
Externa
Theca interna produces __________ that diffuses into the follicle’s basement membrane and is converted to estrogen by granulosa cells.
androstenedione
Androstenedione is converted to estrogen by the enzyme __________, which is FSH dependent.
Aromatase
As the (primary follicles/secondary follicles) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ grow, they move deeper in the ovarian cortex.
primary follicles
The granulosa cells secrete a fluid that coalesce and the granulosa cells reorganize themselves to form a fluid filled cavity called __________
Antrum
Follicles having an antrum are termed as (primary follicles/secondary follicles) _____________.
Secondary follicles
Those granulosa cells that immediately surround the zona pellucida make up the (cumulus oophorus/corona radiata) ____________
corona radiata
As the antrum develops, the granulosa cells around the
oocyte form a small hillock, (cumulus oophorus/corona radiata) ____________, which protrudes into the antrum
cumulus oophorus
The multiple layers of granulosa cells are collectivelly called _____________
Stratum granulosum
The theca interna consists mainly (cuboidal/columnar) __________ cells.
Cuboidal
Theca ________ has smooth muscles that contract to release ovum.
Externa
A multilaminar primary follicle is also known as ___________ follicle.
Preantral follicle`
Liqour folliculi is an exudate of ________.
Plasma
The granulosa layer becomes thinner at this stage because its cells do not multiply in proportion to the growth of the antrum. This is the feature of (secondary/graffian) __________ follicle.
graffian follicle
The theca interna cells appear __________ and lightly stained because of their cytoplasmic lipid droplets, a characteristic of steroid-producing cells.
vacuolated
Follicles at (any stage/primary/secondary) ___________ of development may become atretic
any stage
Follicular cysts are common and usually benign, but can produce high (estrogen/progesterone) _________ levels and lead to menstrual irregularities.
estrogen
If cyst formation disrupts blood vessels blood enters the fluid, often rapidly, and produces a __________ cyst.
hemorrhagic cyst
Ovulation normally occurs at ________.
Day 14
Before ovulation, the mature follicle bulging against the tunica albuginea develops a whitish ischemic area, the _____________
Stigma
