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pathology > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

female external genitalia

A

vulva

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2
Q

opening

A

meatus

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3
Q

a whitish or yellowish discharge of mucus from the vagina

A

leukorrhea

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4
Q

bad, painful, or difficult

A

dys-

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5
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

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6
Q

painful intercourse

A

dyspareunia

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7
Q

a protrusion of the urinary bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina

A

cystocele

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8
Q

the uterus and cervix protrude through the vaginal orifice

A

3rd degree uterine prolapse

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9
Q

the cervix lies at the opening to the vagina and the body of the uterus is in the vagina

A

2nd degree uterine prolapse

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10
Q

the cervix drops into the vagina

A

1st degree uterine prolapse

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11
Q

the absece of menstration

A

amenorrhea

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12
Q

much or many

A

poly-

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13
Q

short menstrual cycles of less than three weeks

A

polymenorrhea

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14
Q

bleeding between cycles

A

metrorrhagia

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15
Q

the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

A

endometriosis

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16
Q

the first occurance of menstruation

A

menarche

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17
Q

a protrusion of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina

A

rectocele

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18
Q

the connective tissue that is immediately lateral to the uterine cervix

A

parametrium

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19
Q

the opening of the cervix at the vaginal end

A

cervical os

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20
Q

the neck of the uterus

A

cervix

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21
Q

female

A

gonads

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22
Q

the pigmented area surrounding the nipple of the breast

A

areola

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23
Q

before and after menopause, the pH of the vagina is around ____ , whereas during the reproductive years, it is around ___

A

7; 4 or 5

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24
Q

a pH balance of 7 is

A

neutral

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25
Q

a pH balance of 4 or 5 is

A

acidic

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26
Q

the endocervical canal is lined with

A

columnar epithelial cells

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27
Q

the vagina and cervical os is lined with

A

squamous cell epithelial cells

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28
Q

where is the most common site of cervical cancer

A

transformation zone (squamocolumnar junction)

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29
Q

the outer layer of the uterus

A

perimetrium

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30
Q

the middle layer of the uterus

A

myometrium

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31
Q

the inner layer of the uterus

A

endometrium

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32
Q

the ovum is usually fertilized by a sperm at this location

A

fallopian tube

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33
Q

the average menstrual cycle is ___ days

A

28

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34
Q

in preparation for the uterus torecieve a fertilized egg, estrogen and progesterone levels ________. If the egg is not fertilized, the estrogen and progesterone level ________.

A

increase, decrease

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35
Q

combining form meaning fallopian tube

A

salping/o

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36
Q

combining form meaning urethra

A

urethr/-

37
Q

combining form meaning ovary

A

oophor/o

38
Q

inflammation of the sallopian tubes

A

salingitis

39
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

40
Q

inflammation of the ovaries

A

oophoritis

41
Q

a form of vaginitis (yeast infection)

A

candidasis

42
Q

a benign tumor of the myometrium

A

fibroid

43
Q

abnormal hairiness

A

hirsutism

44
Q

painful urination

A

dysuria

45
Q

painful intercourse

A

dyspareuia

46
Q

T/F: yeast infections are a STD

A

false

47
Q

which female reproductive organs are mostly likely involved with Pelvis inflammatory disease

A

fallopian tubes and ovaries

48
Q

most common cause of death of people with pelvic inflammatory disease

A

septic shock

49
Q

which breast lesions are considered predisposing factors for breast cancer

A
  • proliferative lesions with epithelial hyperplasis

- proliferative lesions iwth atypical cells

50
Q

what risk factors are associated with cervial cancer

A
  • long term use of oral contraceptives with estrogen alone
  • multiple sexual partners
  • HPV
  • smoking
  • sexual intercourse at an early age
  • HSV-2
51
Q

what has the highest risk factor for cerival cancer

A

HPV

52
Q

what screening tool is responsible for the decreased incidence rate of cervical cancer

A

pap smear

53
Q

what is the most common histological type of cervical cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

54
Q

what imaging modalities is most widely used in staging cervical cancer

A

PET/CT

55
Q

patients who have a paemaker or internal metal objects would be least likely to use this imaging modality

A

MRI

56
Q

what two HPV strains are responsible for most cervical cancer?

A

HPV 16 & 18

57
Q

the most common presenting symptom of cervical cancer is

A

abnormal vaginal bleeding

58
Q

what are the two most commonly used staging systems for cervical cancer

A

TNM and FIGO

59
Q

which histologic type of cervical cancer has the worst prognosis

A

adenocarcinoma

60
Q

the opening of the cervix that leads into the uterus

A

endocervix

61
Q

the outer part of the cervix that can be seen by the doctor during a speculum exam

A

exocervix

62
Q

it is conver in squamous cells

A

exocervix

63
Q

it is convered in glandular cells

A

endocervix

64
Q

the place where the glandular cells and squamous cells meet

A

transformation zone

65
Q

location where most cervical cancers begin

A

transformation zone

66
Q

which screening tool is most often used to screen for uterine cancer

A

there is no common screening test for uterine cancer

67
Q

when referring to uterine cancer, it means cancer that starts in the ____ of the uterus

A

body

68
Q

uterine cancer is also called _____ cancer

A

endometrial

69
Q

the most common histologic type of endometrial cancer is

A

adenocarcinomas

70
Q

the uterus is located in the

A

pelvis

71
Q

which layer of the uterus contains the mucous membrane

A

endometrium

72
Q

which layer of the uterus sheds resulting in menstruation

A

endometrium

73
Q

which layer of the uterus contains smooth muscle which is needed to push the baby out during birth

A

myometrium

74
Q

what are the risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

diabetes, obesity, never having children, tamoxifen, early menarche, estrogren replacement therapy

75
Q

T/F: uterine sarcomas have a btter prognosis than adenocarcinomas

A

false

76
Q

a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of

A

the fallopian tubes and ovaries

77
Q

what is the most common cause of gynecologic cancer deaths

A

ovarian cancer

78
Q

ovarian cancer is most common in women between the ages of

A

50-70 years

79
Q

what are the risk factors for ovarian cancer

A

family history of breast or ovarian cancer, smoking, advanced age, BRACA1 & 2, early menarche, and pelvic inflammatory disease

80
Q

what tumor marker screening is most often used for women with high risk factors of ovarian cancer

A

CA-125

81
Q

vulvarcancer is most likely to occur inwomen of which age group

A

> 70 years

82
Q

what is the most common histological type of vulvar cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

83
Q

what is the most common site of vulvar cancer

A

labia

84
Q

vulvar cancer often presents with a history of what symptoms

A

vaginal bleeding, pruritis, painful urination, a palpable mass on the vulva

85
Q

what histological type of vulvar cancer has the best prognosis

A

adenocarcinoma

86
Q

what is the common histological type of primary vaginal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

87
Q

which portion of the vagina do most primary tumors occur

A

upper 1/3

88
Q

which femal reproductive organ is the most radiosensitive

A

ovaries

pathology (10 decks)

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