Female Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
female external genitalia
A
vulva
2
Q
opening
A
meatus
3
Q
a whitish or yellowish discharge of mucus from the vagina
A
leukorrhea
4
Q
bad, painful, or difficult
A
dys-
5
Q
painful menstruation
A
dysmenorrhea
6
Q
painful intercourse
A
dyspareunia
7
Q
a protrusion of the urinary bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina
A
cystocele
8
Q
the uterus and cervix protrude through the vaginal orifice
A
3rd degree uterine prolapse
9
Q
the cervix lies at the opening to the vagina and the body of the uterus is in the vagina
A
2nd degree uterine prolapse
10
Q
the cervix drops into the vagina
A
1st degree uterine prolapse
11
Q
the absece of menstration
A
amenorrhea
12
Q
much or many
A
poly-
13
Q
short menstrual cycles of less than three weeks
A
polymenorrhea
14
Q
bleeding between cycles
A
metrorrhagia
15
Q
the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
A
endometriosis
16
Q
the first occurance of menstruation
A
menarche
17
Q
a protrusion of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina
A
rectocele
18
Q
the connective tissue that is immediately lateral to the uterine cervix
A
parametrium
19
Q
the opening of the cervix at the vaginal end
A
cervical os
20
Q
the neck of the uterus
A
cervix
21
Q
female
A
gonads
22
Q
the pigmented area surrounding the nipple of the breast
A
areola
23
Q
before and after menopause, the pH of the vagina is around ____ , whereas during the reproductive years, it is around ___
A
7; 4 or 5
24
Q
a pH balance of 7 is
A
neutral
25
a pH balance of 4 or 5 is
acidic
26
the endocervical canal is lined with
columnar epithelial cells
27
the vagina and cervical os is lined with
squamous cell epithelial cells
28
where is the most common site of cervical cancer
transformation zone (squamocolumnar junction)
29
the outer layer of the uterus
perimetrium
30
the middle layer of the uterus
myometrium
31
the inner layer of the uterus
endometrium
32
the ovum is usually fertilized by a sperm at this location
fallopian tube
33
the average menstrual cycle is ___ days
28
34
in preparation for the uterus torecieve a fertilized egg, estrogen and progesterone levels ________. If the egg is not fertilized, the estrogen and progesterone level ________.
increase, decrease
35
combining form meaning fallopian tube
salping/o
36
combining form meaning urethra
urethr/-
37
combining form meaning ovary
oophor/o
38
inflammation of the sallopian tubes
salingitis
39
inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
40
inflammation of the ovaries
oophoritis
41
a form of vaginitis (yeast infection)
candidasis
42
a benign tumor of the myometrium
fibroid
43
abnormal hairiness
hirsutism
44
painful urination
dysuria
45
painful intercourse
dyspareuia
46
T/F: yeast infections are a STD
false
47
which female reproductive organs are mostly likely involved with Pelvis inflammatory disease
fallopian tubes and ovaries
48
most common cause of death of people with pelvic inflammatory disease
septic shock
49
which breast lesions are considered predisposing factors for breast cancer
- proliferative lesions with epithelial hyperplasis
| - proliferative lesions iwth atypical cells
50
what risk factors are associated with cervial cancer
- long term use of oral contraceptives with estrogen alone
- multiple sexual partners
- HPV
- smoking
- sexual intercourse at an early age
- HSV-2
51
what has the highest risk factor for cerival cancer
HPV
52
what screening tool is responsible for the decreased incidence rate of cervical cancer
pap smear
53
what is the most common histological type of cervical cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
54
what imaging modalities is most widely used in staging cervical cancer
PET/CT
55
patients who have a paemaker or internal metal objects would be least likely to use this imaging modality
MRI
56
what two HPV strains are responsible for most cervical cancer?
HPV 16 & 18
57
the most common presenting symptom of cervical cancer is
abnormal vaginal bleeding
58
what are the two most commonly used staging systems for cervical cancer
TNM and FIGO
59
which histologic type of cervical cancer has the worst prognosis
adenocarcinoma
60
the opening of the cervix that leads into the uterus
endocervix
61
the outer part of the cervix that can be seen by the doctor during a speculum exam
exocervix
62
it is conver in squamous cells
exocervix
63
it is convered in glandular cells
endocervix
64
the place where the glandular cells and squamous cells meet
transformation zone
65
location where most cervical cancers begin
transformation zone
66
which screening tool is most often used to screen for uterine cancer
there is no common screening test for uterine cancer
67
when referring to uterine cancer, it means cancer that starts in the ____ of the uterus
body
68
uterine cancer is also called _____ cancer
endometrial
69
the most common histologic type of endometrial cancer is
adenocarcinomas
70
the uterus is located in the
pelvis
71
which layer of the uterus contains the mucous membrane
endometrium
72
which layer of the uterus sheds resulting in menstruation
endometrium
73
which layer of the uterus contains smooth muscle which is needed to push the baby out during birth
myometrium
74
what are the risk factors for endometrial cancer
diabetes, obesity, never having children, tamoxifen, early menarche, estrogren replacement therapy
75
T/F: uterine sarcomas have a btter prognosis than adenocarcinomas
false
76
a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of
the fallopian tubes and ovaries
77
what is the most common cause of gynecologic cancer deaths
ovarian cancer
78
ovarian cancer is most common in women between the ages of
50-70 years
79
what are the risk factors for ovarian cancer
family history of breast or ovarian cancer, smoking, advanced age, BRACA1 & 2, early menarche, and pelvic inflammatory disease
80
what tumor marker screening is most often used for women with high risk factors of ovarian cancer
CA-125
81
vulvarcancer is most likely to occur inwomen of which age group
>70 years
82
what is the most common histological type of vulvar cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
83
what is the most common site of vulvar cancer
labia
84
vulvar cancer often presents with a history of what symptoms
vaginal bleeding, pruritis, painful urination, a palpable mass on the vulva
85
what histological type of vulvar cancer has the best prognosis
adenocarcinoma
86
what is the common histological type of primary vaginal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
87
which portion of the vagina do most primary tumors occur
upper 1/3
88
which femal reproductive organ is the most radiosensitive
ovaries
