Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Hyster/o, metr/

Answer 1

Uterus

Question 2

Salping/o, -salpinx

Answer 2

Uterine tube

Question 3

Colp/o

Answer 3

Vagina

Question 4

endometritis

Answer 4

inflammation of the lining of uterus

Question 5

hematosalpinx

Answer 5

blood in the uterine tube

Question 6

Colporrhaphy

Answer 6

suturing a tear

Question 7

colpoplasty

Answer 7

surgical reconstruction

Question 8

colposcopy

Answer 8

using a magnifying instrument to inspect the interior of the vagina and cervix, the entrance to the uterus.

Question 9

Oophor/o

Answer 9

Ovary

Question 10

oophoropexy

Answer 10

surgery fixation, reattachment

Question 11

Men/o

Answer 11

Menstruation

Question 12

Menarche

Answer 12

first

Question 13

dysmenorrhea

Answer 13

painful menstruation

Question 14

Mamm/o, mast/o

Answer 14

Breast

Question 15

-pareunia, coitus

Answer 15

Intercourse

Question 16

Dyspareunia

Answer 16

painful intercourse

Question 17

precoital, postcoital

Answer 17

before and after intercourse

Question 18

Endometriosis

Answer 18

a condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Endometrium is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstruation. If endometrial tissue flushes up the uterine tube and spills into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity), the clots of endometrial tissue can attach to abdominal organs such as the bladder, rectum, intestinal loops and then cycle along with the uterus in response to monthly changes in ovarian hormones. Bleeding into the abdomen irritates the lining membrane, the peritoneum, and causes abdominal pain.

Question 19

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 19

although males have a closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Bacteria can make their way up the vagina, through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes which open into the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, the peritoneum, causes abdominal pain. Although there are many potential causes of PID, gonorrheal infection is one of them. Chronic Inflammation of the uterine tubes can occlude them resulting in infertility.

Question 20

Prolapsed uterus

Answer 20

the uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is typically required to restore the uterus to its proper anatomical position.

Question 21

Obstetrician

Answer 21

literally “midwife” in Latin. A physician specializing in the diagnosis and management of pregnancy and delivering babies.

Question 22

Gynecologist

Answer 22

a physician specializing in diseases of the female reproductive system and surgery of this area. Most physicians currently specialize in combined practice of OB/GYN.

Question 23

Episiotomy

Answer 23

a surgical procedure cutting into the perineal area, the area between the vagina and anus in order to prevent tearing of tissues when the baby’s head traverses the vaginal opening.

Question 24

Hysterosalpingogram

Answer 24

special X-rays of the uterus and uterine tubes involving passing an opaque dye backwards up through the uterus to determine if the tubes are patent. Since the tubes are open into the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity, if patent, dye should spill out of the end of the tubes and be manifest on the X-ray.

Question 25

Dilation and curettage (D & C)

Answer 25

dilating the cervix, the entrance into the uterus, and passing instruments that enable scraping off superficial layers of the endometrium. May be done as an early therapeutic abortion, or following a normal pregnancy to remove residual tissue remaining in the uterus, or may be done as a diagnostic procedure to examine lining tissue of the uterus.

Question 26

Mammoplasty

Answer 26

Surgical reconstruction of the breast may involve breast enlargement or reduction or cosmetic reconstruction after mastectomy.

Question 27

Pudendal block

Answer 27

An anesthetic administered to block sensation around the lower vagina and perineum. This facilitates performing an episiotomy (see above) allowing passage of the baby’s head while avoiding uncontrolled tearing of tissues.

Question 28

gravida

Answer 28

pregnancy

Question 29

Nulligravida

Answer 29

never pregnant

Question 30

primigravida

Answer 30

first-time pregnant

Question 31

multigravida

Answer 31

many pregnancies

Question 32

para

Answer 32

live birth

Question 33

Nullipara

Answer 33

no live births

Question 34

multipara

Answer 34

many live births

Question 35

Part/o, toc/o

Answer 35

Labor/birth/delivery

Question 36

Prepartum, postpartum

Answer 36

before and after delivery

Question 37

dystocia

Answer 37

difficult delivery

Question 38

Abruptio placentae

Answer 38

(Latin, “breaking off”). Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta before full term. Occurs in only about 1% of pregnancies. However, it has a 20-40% fetal mortality rate and is a significant contributor to maternal mortality.

Question 39

Placenta previa

Answer 39

(Latin, “leading the way”). A placenta implanted over the cervical region of the uterus blocking the entrance to the birth canal. Occurs in less than one percent of pregnancies, but can cause significant bleeding and require a complicated delivery.

Question 40

Eclampsia

Answer 40

(toxemia of pregnancy )- a serious and life-threatening condition that may develop during pregnancy involving hypertension, convulsions and coma. A less severe form, preeclampsia, may develop but can be managed if identified and treated early.

Question 41

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 41

(Greek, “out of place”). A pregnancy implanted anywhere outside of the uterus. The uterine tube (Fallopian tube) is the most common location, also called a “tubal pregnancy”. The abdominal cavity is the least common location. Occurs in about 2% of pregnancies. When it occurs, it is a surgical emergency, because the uterine tube cannot sustain tremendous expansion like the uterus. Eventually, the uterine tube will rupture with severe, possibly fatal, hemorrhaging.

Question 42

Master of Public Health

Answer 42

Maternal and child health is one of many career paths available to MPH graduates after completion of a program designed for working professionals. Full-time, part-time, on-campus, 100% online options are available to satisfy program requirements.