Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the external genitalia

Answer 1

Clitoris, labia major and minor, mons pubis

Question 2

What is the clitoris homologous to

Answer 2

Males penis

Question 3

Uterus (Womb)

Answer 3

Pear shaped, where fertilized ovum embeds in endometrium, lining is shed during menstruation

Question 4

Vagina

Answer 4

Connects the uterus with the outside world - site of sperm deposition, birth canal, protects the rest of the female reproductive system from bacterial invasion (highly acidic)

Question 5

Fallopian tube (Oviduct)

Answer 5

Tube carrying mature ova to the uterus - usually the site of fertilization

• Ova are swept in by fimbria at open ends

Question 6

Cervix (Cervical Canal)

Answer 6

A muscular band that prevents the fetus from delivering prematurely - will dilate during birth

Question 7

Ovary

Answer 7

Store and produce ova - generally one ovum is produced monthly

• Each egg is almost 1mm large

Question 8

Where does the initial development of the ova occur

Answer 8

The ovary

Question 9

Where does the final development of the ova occur

Answer 9

The fallopian tube

Question 10

What does the oocyte and granulosa cells develop in response to

Answer 10

FSH

Question 11

What forms around the oocyte after one of the two cells dies (polar body)

Answer 11

Fluid-filled cavity

Question 12

What happens when ovulation occurs

Answer 12

Mature follicle ruptures

Question 13

Where does an oocyte complete maturation

Answer 13

In the oviduct

Question 14

When is meiosis 2 complete

Answer 14

If fertilization occurs

Question 15

What happens to the follicular cells in the ovary do after ovulation and why

Answer 15

They collapse which forms the corpus luteum which secretes progestrone

Question 16

Menstruation

Answer 16

Periodic discharge of blood and fluid from the uterus, caused by low levels of estrogen and progesterone at the end of the monthly cycle

Question 17

Menstrual Cycle

Answer 17

The repetitive sequence of shedding the uterine lining, development and release of the egg, and replacement of the endometrium

Question 18

Menarch

Answer 18

The onset of first period

Question 19

Menopause

Answer 19

The end of fertility

Question 20

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 20

1. Flow Phase
2. Follicular Phase
3. Ovulation
4. Luteal Phase

Question 21

Flow Phase

Answer 21

• Day 1-5
• Shedding of the endometrial lining
• Decrease of progesterone and estrogen -> stimulate LH and FSH
• Corpus Luteum degenerates

Question 22

Follicular Phase

Answer 22

-Day 6-13
- Estrogen released by developing follicle
- Endometrial lining thickens
- FSH increases then lowers
- LH increases

Question 23

Ovulation Phase

Answer 23

• Day 14
• Estrogen and LH levels peak
• Follicle erupts, ovum is released into Fallopian tube

Question 24

Luteal Phase

Answer 24

• Day 15 - 28
• Corpus luteum develops
• Progesterone is released by corpus luteum
• Ovulation and uterine contraction are inhibited
• Endometrial lining continues to thicken
• Estrogen and progestrone inhibit LH which breaks down endometrium

Question 25

What does progesterone do

Answer 25

Maintains the endometrial lining

Question 26

What does estrogen do

Answer 26

Develops the endometrial lining

Question 27

How does birth control work

Answer 27

Adds estrogen or progesterone to the body, which then causes inhibition of LH or FSH