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female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the female reproductive system consist of?

A

paired ovaries, paired oviducts, uterus, vagina, external genitalia

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2
Q

what are oocytes?

A

female gametes

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3
Q

what is oogenesis?

A

production of steroidal sex hormones

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4
Q

cell division occuring during production of female gametes involves what?

A

mitosis and meiosis

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5
Q

what is the initiation of the menstrual cycle called?

A

menarche

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6
Q

what is the eventual cessation of the menstrual cycle called?

A

menopause

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7
Q

formation of ovaries?

A

during fetal development oogonia under mitosis to form primary oocytes that enter prophase of first meiotic division

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8
Q

what surrounds primary oocyte?

A

flattened squamous folliculuar cells forming PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

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9
Q

atresia

A

slow contincous degenerative process of oocytes after birth

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10
Q

what type of epithelium surrounds surface of ovary?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium. germinal epithelium.

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11
Q

what is tunica albuginea in ovary?

A

dense CT layer that lies between germinal epithelium and cortex

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12
Q

describe follicle growth and development

A

primordial follicles lined by follicular cells begin selection growth process for dominant follicle to achieve ovulation

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13
Q

what happens when oocyte enlarges?

A

squamous (flattened) follicular cells become cuboidal granulosa cells, or primary follicles, which then also become flattened as primary follicle develops

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14
Q

what is zona pellucida?

A

extracellular coat formed by oocytes secreting proteins

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15
Q

what develops the theca?

A

smooth muscle and connective tissue stromal cells surrounding the follicles

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16
Q

what is the theca interna?

A

highly vascularized. cells have LH receptors in response to sercrete androgens and progesterone

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17
Q

what is the theca externa?

A

outer layer of CT and smooth muscle cells

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18
Q

antrum?

A

fluids secreted by granulosa cells that nuture and protect oocyte

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19
Q

secondary follicle?

A

characterized by a fluid containing antrum

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20
Q

what is cumulus oophorus?

A

a thick mound of cells formed by granulosa cells that project into antrum towards the oocyte

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21
Q

what is the corona radiata?

A

cells of the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround oocyte. cells remain within oocyte at ovulation.

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22
Q

what is a graafian follicle?

A

a mature follicle. structure with large antrum and more prominent theca layers. granulosa cells loosen within cumulus oophorus

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23
Q

what is ovulation?

A

hormone mediated process resulting in release of secondary oocyte from graffian collicle.

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24
Q

what triggers first meiotic division of the primary oocyte to resume?

A

LH and FSH of pituitary 24 hours prior to ovulation.

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25
what happens after first meiotic division of primary oocyte resumes?
secondary oocyte is formed and first polar body
26
what is the corpus luteum?
highly vascularized. after ovulation follicle collpases, granulosa and theca interna cells undergo reorginzation to form this.
27
what are granulosa lutein cells?
greatly enlarged granulosa cells
28
what happens to theca interna in corpus luteum?
blood and lymphatic vessels rapidly grow, and cells become theca lutein cells
29
what occurs in corpus luteum of pregnancy?
hCG produced by placenta maintains and promotes further growth of corpus luteum
30
what happens to both corpus luteum of menstruation and pregnancy?
corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans, or a leftover scar
31
what is atretic follicle?
each month only one graafian follicle undergoes ovulation and other developing follicles arrest and degenerate
32
atresia?
degeneration of other developing follicles after one graafian follicle undergoes ovulation
33
infundibulum?
funnel shaped opening fringed with extensions called fimbriae
34
ampulla?
longest and expanded region where fertilization occurs
35
isthmus?
narrow portion near uterus
36
uterine or intramural part?
passes through wall of uterus and opens into uterine cavity
37
what are oviducts composed of?
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and uterine part
38
mucosa of oviducts?
highly folded and made up of simple columnar ciliated cells and peg cells
39
what are peg cells?
non ciliated fewer in number cells in oviducts that secrete nutritive glycoprotein mucus that bathes sperm and ovum
40
muscularis of oviducts?
smooth muscle with relatively thick inner circular layer and thinner outer longtidinal layer
41
serosa of oviducts?
thin layer of CT covered by mesothelium
42
body of uterus?
large upper portion, receives uterine tubes
43
fundus of uterus?
curved superior portion between uterine tubes
44
isthmus of uterus?
narrow portion that ends at cervix
45
cervix of uterus?
lower barrel shaped portion with internal os that opens to uterus, cervical canal that is lumen of cervix, and external os that opens to vagina
46
endometrium of uterine wall?
mucosa
47
myometrium of uterine wall?
very thick muscular layer, bundles of smooth muscles
48
perimetrium of uterine wall?
outer CT layer, adventitia in some poart but largely a serosa with mesothelium
49
epithelial tissue of endometrium?
simple columnar
50
what does lamina propria of endometrium contain?
numerous tubular uterine glands
51
what are the two zones of the endometrium?
stratum functionale and stratum basale
52
stratum functionale
thickest part of endometrium, sloughed off during menstruation. includes epithelium and most of length of glands.
53
stratum basale
adjacent to myometrium, retained during menstruation. serves as source of regeneration for stratum functionale.
54
straight arteries?
supply stratum basale
55
spiral arteries?
supply stratum functionale, progesterone-sensitive. if fertilization does not occur, degenerate causing ischemia of stratum functionale and a sloughing off of tissue (menstruation)
56
ectocervix
portion that extends into vagina near external os. epithelial tissue is non kerantinzed stratified sqamous
57
endocervix
uterine portion consisting of simple columnar epithelium. thick lamina propria with many cervical glands that secrete mucus
58
transformation zone of cervix
point where endo and ecto meet, abrupt change of epithelium. MOST CERVICAL CANCERS BEGIN HERE. PAP SMEAR.
59
mucosa of vagina?
non keratinzed stratified sqamous epithelium with lamina propria rich in elastic fibers and lacking glands
60
TDLU
terminal duct lobular units. lobules of each mammary gland.
61
areola
skin covering nipple contains sebaceous glands and many sensory nerves
62
mammary glands in non lactating women?
TDLU lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, surrounded by myoepithelial cells. small attached alveolar glands consist of simple cuboidal epithelium. lactiferous sinuses are empty (stratified cuboidal epithelium)
63
prolactin in pregnant and lactating women?
cause much proliferation in secretory alveoli (glands) at ends of ducts and production of milk
64
oxytocin in pregnant and lactating women?
stimulates release of milk
65
colostrum?
fluid rich in proteins and antibodies. ducts accumulate this late in pregnancy.
66
components of milk?
lipid droplets form and release by apocrine secretion, lactose major carb and energy souce, and large amts of protein synthesized into secretory vesicles in merocrine secretion

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