Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What does the luteinizing hormone do?
A. stimulates ovulation follicles in females and testosterone secretion in males by acting on interstitial cells ( Leydig cells)
B. stimulates synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids or corticosteroids from the adrenal gland
C. promotes protein deposition in tissues, stimulates the release of fatty acids
D. stimulates ovarian follicle growth in females and spermatogenesis in males
A. stimulates ovulation follicles (egg structure) in females and testosterone secretion in males by acting on interstitial cells (Leydig cells)
What is the purpose of Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
A. Upon fertilization of the ovum, stimulates the Luteinizing Hormone & Follicular Stimulating Hormone
B. Upon fertilization of the ovum, stimulates the corpus luteum
C. Hormone that initiates the removal of the corpus luteum
D. Triggering hormone for follicular phase transition
B. Upon fertilization of the ovum, stimulates the corpus luteum
Once the ovum is fertilized, what is the purpose of the corpus luteum?
A. Upon fertilization of the ovum, stimulates the Luteinizing Hormone & Follicular Stimulating Hormone
B. Decreases estrogen levels
C. Make the uterus a healthy place for a fetus to grow by secretion of progesterone
D. Triggering hormone for follicular phase transition
C. Make the uterus a healthy place for a fetus to grow by secretion of progesterone (& estrogen)
Where does fertilization normally occur?
A. Ovaries
B. Fallopian Tubes
C. Uterus
D. Vagina
B. Fallopian Tubes
What is the acrosome reaction?
A. Hardening of the ovum (Zona Pellucida) to prevent polyspermy
B. Enzymes on the sperm are released to poke holes through the Zona Pellucida
C. Release of calcium to increase the odds of fertilization
D. To prevent a cortical granule reaction
B. Enzymes on the sperm are released to poke holes through the Zona Pellucida
What is a cortical granule reaction?
A. Calcium release to harden and deactivate receptors of the ovum (Zona Pellucida) to prevent polyspermy
B. Enzymes on the sperm are released to poke holes through the Zona Pellucida
C. Release of potassium to increase the life of sperm in acidic environment of the fallopian tubes
D. Enzyme release to prevent multiple sperm from penetrating the ovum
A. Calcium release to harden and deactivate receptors of the ovum (Zona Pellucida) to prevent polyspermy
What is the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge?
A. Large release of LH caused by elevated estrogen levels
B. Large release of LH caused by elevated Follicle-stimulating hormone levels
C. Large release of LH caused by elevated progesterone levels
D. Large release of LH caused by elevated testosterone levels
A. Large release of LH caused by elevated estrogen levels
Purpose of luteinizing hormone (LH) surge?
A. Degeneration of corpus luteum
B. Creation of a primary follicle (structure around an unfertilized egg)
C. Deactivation of the zona pellucida
D. Ovulation
D. Ovulation
Two events of the menstrual cycle:
A. Ovarian & Uterine Events
B. Ovarian & Ovulation Events
C. Follicular & Ovulation Events
D. Luteal & Progesteral Events
A. Ovarian & Uterine Events
Days 1-5 Menstrual Cycle
A. Primary follicles change to the secondary follicles (more cells around egg)
B. Granulosa and theca cells start making estrogen
C. FSH stimulates granulosa cells to convert testosterone into estrogen
D. Granulosa & theca cells transform into luteal cells - this creates the corpus luteum
A. Primary follicles change to the secondary follicles (more cells around egg)
(GnRH stimulates FSH/LH and causes 40-60 eggs [cohort] to change from primary to secondary
What is a mature follicle (ready to be fertilized) called?
A. Oocyte
B. Graafian Follicle
C. Primary Follicle
D. Secondary Follicle
B. Graafian Follicle
Day 6-12 events
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH) surge
B. Granulosa & theca cells transform into luteal cells - creating the corpus luteum
C. Menstruation
D. More estrogen produced (and testosterone converted to estrogen)
D. More estrogen produced (and testosterone converted to estrogen)
Estrogen- Granulosa and theca cells start making estrogen.
Testosterone
- – LH stimulates theca cells to make testosterone.
- –FSH stimulates granulosa cells to convert testosterone into estrogen via aromatase
What is the purpose #1 of the estrogen increase?
A. Estrogen stimulates the thinning of endometrium
B. Estrogen stimulates the thickening of endometrium
C. Estrogen stimulates the thickening of perimetrium
D. Estrogen stimulates the thinning of perimetrium
B. Estrogen stimulates the thickening of endometrium
What is the purpose #2 of the estrogen increase?
A. Estrogen inhibits FSH/LH secretion so that another cohort of follicles isn’t produced
B. Estrogen builds up the level LH continuously so that ovulation can occur
C. Estrogen transforms granulosa & theca cells into luteal cells - creating the corpus luteum
D. Estrogen stimulates the thinning of perimetrium
A. Estrogen inhibits FSH/LH secretion so that another cohort of follicles isn’t produced
Day 12-13
A. Elevated estrogen levels trigger massive surge of progesterone
B. Elevated estrogen levels trigger massive surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. Elevated progesterone levels trigger massive surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels trigger massive surge of estrogen
B. Elevated estrogen levels trigger massive surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)
“Days 1 - 13” are referred to as the
A. Follicular Phase
B. Luteal Phase
A. Follicular Phase
“Days 15 - 28” are referred to as the
A. Follicular Phase
B. Luteal Phase
(yes, I know day 14 isn’t there)
B. Luteal Phase
What is day 14 then?
A. Ovulation
B. Uterine Shedding
C. Follicular Reversal
D. Ectopic Occurrences
A. Ovulation - follicle ruptures & egg is released to be fertilized
(also, Luteinization occurs - aka creation of the corpus luteum)
Day 15 - 25
A. Corpus Luteum produces large amounts of progesterone (and smaller amounts of estrogen)
B. FSH stimulates granulosa cells to convert testosterone into estrogen
A. Corpus Luteum produces large amounts of progesterone (and smaller amounts of estrogen)
- —–Progesterone
- ——–Days 6-14 - is thickening the uterine wall (Endometrium)
- ———Days 15-28 - thickening continues AND stimulates the development of mucous glands, blood vessels (angiogenesis), and glycogen
LH & FSH are being inhibited by the corpus luteum to stop more follicles from progressing
Days 25 - 28
A. Luteal Phase
B. Secretory phase
B. Secretory phase
If the egg is unfertilized:
Days 25-28
A. Corpus luteum regress (shrinks and is broken down into collagen)
B. Corpus luteum continues producing progesterone and estrogen
A. Corpus luteum regress (shrinks and is broken down into collagen)
If the egg is unfertilized:
Days 25-28
A. Endometrium takes over thickening processes
B. Endometrium starts to breakdown and sloughs off
B. Endometrium starts to breakdown and sloughs off
If the egg is unfertilized:
Days 25-28
A. Endometrium takes over thickening processes
B. Endometrium starts to breakdown and sloughs off
B. Endometrium starts to breakdown and sloughs off
If the egg is Fertilized:
Days 25-28
A. Corpus Luteum remains and produces progesterone/estrogen until placenta takes over production
B. Corpus Luteum dissolves quickly as the endometrium is fully prepared.
A. Corpus Luteum remains and produces progesterone/estrogen until placenta takes over production
