Female Reproductive system

Question 1

Name the structures an oocyte would travel from Ovaries to vagina if not fertilized

Answer 1

Ovaries - Ampulla - Isthumus - Uterus - Vagina

Question 2

Name the structures sperm would travel to reach the oocyte for fertilization

Answer 2

Vagina - Cervix - Uterus - Isthumus - Ampulla.

Question 3

Describe the anatomical position of the ovaries in relation to the uterus

Answer 3

Located in the pelvic cavity lateral to the uterus

Question 4

State two functions of the ovaries

Answer 4

Produce oestrogen and progesterone and produce the secondary oocyte and expel it into the abdominopelvic cavity (ovulation)

Question 5

Name the structures located in the ovarian cortex

Answer 5

Ovarian follicles/oocytes

Question 6

Name the structures located in the the ovarian medulla

Answer 6

Contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

Question 7

Name the hormone secreted from the follicles of the ovaries

Answer 7

Oestrogen

Question 8

Name the two sections of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Answer 8

Ampulla and Isthmus

Question 9

Describe the function of the uterine tubes

Answer 9

To transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

Question 10

Explain how the oocyte moves from the ovaries into the uterine tubes.

Answer 10

At time of ovulation the uterine tubes bends to drape over the ovary. The fimbriae stiffen and sweep ovarian surface. Fimbriae have cilia which create currents in the peritoneal fluid to carry ovum into the tube. The oocyte is transported in the

Question 11

How the oocyte is transported in the tubes

Answer 11

The oocyte is transported in the tubes by cilia and peristalsis by smooth muscle in the walls of the uterine tubes

Question 12

State the location in the uterine tubes where fertilization takes place

Answer 12

Ampulla

Question 13

Describe the two factors that might impede the movement of the oocyte in the uterine tubes

Answer 13

Infection in the uterine tubes, like chlamydia, may lead to scar tissue in the uterine tubes which may narrow the tubes
Smoking can reduce the activity of cilia resulting in an ectopic pregnancy

Question 14

State three functions of the uterus

Answer 14

Route for transport of sperm
Receives, retains and nourishes the fertilized ovum
Muscular wall contracts during labour to expel the fetus

Question 15

Name the three layers of the uterus

Answer 15

Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium

Question 16

What is the function of the endometrium

Answer 16

Prepare for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy if implantation occurs and menstruation in the absence of pregnancy

Question 17

What is the function of the myometrium

Answer 17

To induce uterine contractions during labour

Question 18

What is the function of the perimetrium

Answer 18

External layer that forms part of the visceral peritoneum

Question 19

Explain how the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates, describe what happens to this layer during menstruation, and name the hormone responsible for these changes (hint: it is a decrease in this hormone that causes the changes).

Answer 19

Low levels of progesterone causes the spiral arterioles to constrict and the functional layer of the endometrium dies causing menstruation. Progesterone produced by the growing follicle causes a new functional layer 4-10mm thick to develop in the endometrium.

Question 20

Describe the location of the cervix

Answer 20

The cervix is superior to the vagina in the lowermost part of the uterus.

Question 21

Name three functions of the cervix

Answer 21

Protects uterus from microorganisms
Form cervical plug to impede sperm penetration
Mucus supplements the energy needs of sperm

Question 22

Name the hormone that causes the cervical mucus to become thinner and explain why this happens

Answer 22

Oestrogen causes cervical mucus to become thinner to allow sperm easy passage through cervix into the uterus

Question 23

Explain how cervical cancer can be prevented

Answer 23

Having the HPV vaccine to protect against cervical cancer and having a cervical smear test to detect changes in epithelial cells covering the tip of the cervix