Female reproductive condtions

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of endometriosis?

Answer 1

A chronic condition where endometrial-like tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows outside the uterine cavity, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic organs. This ectopic tissue responds to hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle, leading to inflammation, pain, and the formation of scar tissue or adhesions.

Question 2

What are some common signs and symptoms of endometriosis?

Answer 2

pelvic pain
heavy menstrual bleeding
abnormal bleeding
painful urination or defecation during periods
nausea
constipation
potentially contribute to infertility

Question 3

What is the pathopyshiology of breast cancer?

Answer 3

Arises from the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the breast tissue, often beginning in the ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma - this is INVASIVE

Question 4

What are the risk factors for developing breast cancer?

Answer 4

early onset menstruation
late menopause
no or late 1st pregnancy
genetics
enviro & lifestyle

Question 5

What are some signs and symptoms of breast cancer?

Answer 5

Lump/swelling
skin changes
skin colour changes
nipple changes or discharge
rash
size or shape changes
pain in breast/armpit

Question 6

What is the main cause of PCOS?

Answer 6

Decreased estrogen and increased androgen that causes decreased ovulation